Florence Nightingale’s Nursing Philosophy

The nursing calling today is being perceived everywhere throughout the world because of the ongoing increment popular for nursing experts and parental figures. Today, an ever increasing number of understudies are urged to take and seek after a nursing degree in school because of the open doors anticipating them in the clinical fieldâ€an opportunity which was started and begun some time in the past by a parental figure and human services supplier by the name of Florence Nightingale. Since Nightingale’s foundation of a solid nursing theory, the nursing practice was never the equivalent. Nightingale’s see on medicinal services was shortsighted yet all encompassing. She accepted that attendants are brought into the world with a given obligation on their shoulders to give sympathetic and touchy guide magnanimously to the debilitated, to do anything inside their capacity to mitigate the agonies and sickness of the patients, and to help the expert specialists as well as could be expected (Kleiman). During Nightingale’s time, the ladies were encountering extraordinary separation under the legislature of Great Britain. The legislature stifled the ladies and denied them to contribute in any capacity to the undertakings of the state. Therefore, this pushed Nightingale to battle for her perspective as a medicinal services supplier and demonstrate the ladies nurse’s worth (Bruner). She was extremely solid and firm on her standard which includes giving social insurance sacrificially paying little mind to sexual orientation, with touchy thought to the evil and the destitute. This humanistic way of thinking is the thing that guided Florence Nightingale to push through the now settled way of thinking of nursing and care giving which has been forever represented by her, holding a lit light which ignites the expectations of the evil. Along these lines, Nightingale’s reasoning is genuinely a motivation. It remains as an update for me to remain modest and concentrated on my future duties as a medical attendant. It additionally helps me to remember the significance of giving human services without inclinations and reservationâ€anyone who looks for clinical assistance is a patient that specialists and medical caretakers ought to take care of.

A Novel IS Fiction

A Novel IS Fiction A Novel IS Fiction A Novel IS Fiction By Maeve Maddox Ive saw that a few people talk about fiction books. An epic IS fiction. One can discuss composing a novel OR about composing fiction. To consolidate the two is to wear a belt with suspenders. (Another case of hesitance to let the word accomplish the work.) Recorded as a hard copy terms, fiction is any non-authentic account structure. It might be short or long. It might contain chronicled or logical realities, and it might depict characters named for recorded personages, however the discussions and treatment of occasions are comprehended to have been made up by the creator. Fiction might be written in different lengths. Here are a few rules. A short story is an anecdotal account of no longer than 20,000 words and no shorter than 1,000. Most short stories run somewhere in the range of 3,000 and 10,000 words with the goal that they might be perused at a solitary sitting. A novelette is an anecdotal story of from 7,500 to 17,500 words long. A novella is an anecdotal story somewhere in the range of 17,500 and 40,000 words. An ongoing craze called streak fiction worries about the composition of incredibly short stories. Individuals differ regarding the length of blaze fiction. The main purpose of understanding is that it is shorter than the customary short story, no longer than 2,000 words. Most blaze fiction is somewhere in the range of 250 and 1,000 words. Different expressions for these short stories are being used. The most established is short story. All the more as of late one hears postcard fiction, smaller scale fiction, miniaturized scale story, and abrupt fiction. A few sites currently include what are called one sentence stories. The ones Ive read dont have all the earmarks of being anything over very much made sentences one would hope to discover in a regular story. They will in general be elucidating and narrative, yet false stories. At last there is the novel, a long anecdotal account that can be from 60,000-100,000 words. For certain creators 100,000 words are insufficient: James Joyce, Ulysses: 250,000 words (It just appears to be longer.) Victor Hugo, Les Miserables: 513,000 words. Leo Tolstoy, War and Peace: 460,000 words in the first; 560,000 words in English interpretation. Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged: 645,000 words. Samuel Richardson, Clarissa: 969,000 words. (English majors need to peruse this early case of an epistolary novela story told as an assortment of letters.) Furthermore, THE WINNER IS Marcel Proust, A la recherche du temps perdu (In English Remembrance of Things Past/In Search of Lost Time): 1.5 million words distributed in 13 volumes. NOTE: the above Wikipedia citation has since been adjusted to peruse 1.5 million words distributed in 7 volumes. Proust was all the while taking a shot at this 7-volume landmark when he passed on. The main English interpretation, by Scott Moncrief, was distributed in 12 volumes. Distributing history of A la recherche du temps perdu. Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Fiction Writing classification, check our famous posts, or pick a related post below:Homograph Examples40 Synonyms for â€Å"Lie†Plurals of Proper Names

The Storm of Kate Chopin Essay Sample

The Storm of Kate Chopin Essay Sample The Storm by Kate Chopin. Hidden Symbols of this Short Novel Some stories written by Kate Chopin really impress the readers. Though at first gaze the story seems to be obvious or the plot seems to be clichéd, you frequently remember the main characters and their relationships. One of such short novels is The Storm by Kate Chopin. In this essay, we will analyze this story and try to determine why it became so popular among readers. Several Facts about the Writer The short novel was written by well-known American writer Kate Chopin, at the end of 19th century. This woman is a famous author of numerous exciting novels. These days, many scholars found out that Kate Chopin was one of the forerunners of feminist authors in America. Unfortunately, the short novel The Storm wasn’t published when she was alive. The world saw it in almost 60 years after her death in the book The Complete Works of Kate Chopin. After the publication, the Society immediately started discussing this short story and its main characters. The Main Plot of the Short Novel One of the characters Mr. Babinot and his little son were at the shop when the storm started to emerge. For that reason, both decided to stay in the store in order not to get wet. Mr. Bobison decides to make a present for his wife and obtains a can of shrimps for her. At that time, his wife, Ms. Calixta was engaged in sewing at their house. When she saw that the rain was going to emerge, she went outside and decided to retrieve the clothes that were hanging outside. Suddenly, she noticed Alcee, her former boyfriend who was nearby and asked for shelter because it was raining outside. They came in the house because the weather was awful. Calixta started sewing again, and Alcee was sitting near her. The woman thought about her son and husband and hoped that they were in safety. When Alcee saw that the storm wasn’t going to stop soon; he started reminding the woman about the relations that were between them several years ago. Previously they both had a passion for each other. A young man comforts her, and the woman can’t resist the temptation. The storm becomes stronger each minute, and the same happens with the passion of both characters. When the wind stopped, their sexual intercourse stopped too. The readers saw that both characters found the new happiness. After this, both returned to their everyday life. The woman met her son and husband, and she was happy. Alcee sent a letter to his wife, who was in the other city. What Does the Author Mean? In sober fact, Chopin just wanted to bring two main characters together. For that reason, she used storm with the aim to strengthen this effect. The storm just makes the relationships between both stronger. This stormy weather is also used with the aim to direct the couple. The torrential rain is just a uniting element allowing the author to bring both man and woman together. The stormy weather is also used like a symbol showing old romantic relationships between both. The storm leads them and symbolizes the love that was between them several years ago. If it was not such a good comparison of human relationships with a storm, the book wouldn’t be so interesting and catching. The sexual affair between the main characters comes to an end as soon as it stops raining. Both of them returned to their ordinary life. Calixta met her son and husband, and they were planning to have dinner. Alcee came back home and wrote a letter to his wife. With only one sentence she finishes the story, the affair comes to an end, the storm ends, and everyone goes back to their ordinary life. Kate Chopin wrote the Storm almost one hundred years ago, and still, this story is regarded to be an ideal example of symbolism in literature. There are no suffering characters, everyone remained happy.

Marijuana Subculture - 1712 Words

Subculture: Marijuana in the United States Fatima Alikhan ENG 122 Professor Kenneth Newton Monday May 23, 2010 The United States has an approved list of drugs that are considered legal and illegal that create adverse side effects and hold diverse political views. Marijuana is a substance that popular media holds in a negative undertone while other drugs such as valium and alcohol are supported, if not glorified. Popular media is a powerful tool that gathers a mass of people and provides all types of information. Some types of information are historical facts, statistics, entertainment, opinions, and biases which alter the state and views of those who access it. Marijuana has had an extremely controversial†¦show more content†¦Alcohol has a long history of being portrayed in media as a â€Å"relaxing† elixir after a long day at work or a method of unwinding. The role of alcohol in movies and television are false impressions of what would happen in a social setting if you were to be drinking a certain alcohol or the how much better your time would be spent if you were drink ing. Commercials and advertisements use models, cars, celebrities, sports, clubs, and entertainment to promote an image or brand that alcohol brings life, love, and lust to any party however the cold hard truth is that it is far from the perception it sells. This multi-million dollar industry prides itself on a fast growing industry that has the highest percentage of users of a social drug in the United States. â€Å"We do not need the brewers’ reminder that the absolute quantity of alcohol consumed has been steadily increasing at a rate of at least 7% per annum to be aware that it remains far and away the most widely-accepted social drug in this country,† (Aud, 1981, p. 48). Prescription pills have not been much of a harmful substance until this decade. The recent increase in those prescribed with pain and given very high doses of pain medication has been astonishing. Although these substances are intended to target the pain, mostShow MoreRelated Marijuana as a S ubculture Essay1357 Words   |  6 Pages A subculture is a group of people who share a distinctive set of cultural beliefs and behaviors that differ in some significant way from that of larger society. Marijuana smokers can be considered a subculture for many reasons. Marijuana is used by millions of people around the world, either for recreational, spiritual, or therapeutic reasons. Some call themselves the cannabis connoisseurs; people who respect cannabis and use it responsibly. Few drugs have been so politicized recently as marijuanaRead MoreMarijuana as a Subculture Essay1356 Words   |  6 PagesA subculture is a group of people who share a distinctive set of cultural beliefs and behaviors that differ in some significant way from that of larger society. Marijuana smokers can be considered a subculture for many reasons. Marijuana is used by millions of people around the world, either for recreational, spiritual, or therapeutic reasons. Some call themselves the cannabis c onnoisseurs; people who respect cannabis and use it responsibly. Few drugs have been so politicized recently as marijuanaRead MoreContrasting the Contemporary Hipster with the Classical Hippie1899 Words   |  8 Pagesof trendsetters. This esteemed title however has been recently craved by so many, it has incubated the newest and most recent trend in subcultures across the globe: Hipsters. What’s curious about it, however, is that unlike massive and contagious movements in history (as with hippies), Hipsters are characterized by their unrevealed sense of identity to the subculture that surrounds him/her. 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From July 1937 to June 1939, there was a record high on articles mostly helping out theRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1356 Words   |  6 Pages Marijuana has been used as a medicine for millennia by cultures spanning the globe. Ever since 1937, that medical necessity has fallen in America to political pressure, and the cannabis plant remains illegal regardless of intended use. Since then, patients have continued demanding marijuana s therapeutic effects, thus prompting the pharmaceutical industry to find a legitimate means of meeting their needs without violating federal law. This quest for legal weed resulted in the introduction ofRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?2179 Words   |  9 Pagesdislike for marijuana user that the subculture grew. It came to a point where one could not discern fact from myth about marijuana in the 60s/70s war on drugs, mainly because no research was allowed. We must ask ourselves, why was this so, why was this one psychedelic drug as Nixon called it â€Å" Public Enemy Number One†. This drug became somewhat of a political tool to twist and turn making sure the general public’s ignorance stayed unabated, during a whole country against a subculture with no realRead MoreThe Greatful Dead Essay840 Words   |  4 PagesThe Greatful Dead A simple definition of a sub-culture is a group of people who have norms, values, and beliefs that are distinct from those of the main stream culture. A subculture is a group of people who have a distinct way of life. Dead heads fit into this category. They believe that there are many interpretations of reality, and that everyones interpretations are somewhat valid, but none of them are real. There are two reasons why this sub-culture has continued to exist for as longRead MoreLegalizing Marijuana in America978 Words   |  4 PagesLegalizing marijuana in America Illegal drug use is a huge part of American culture and one the most controversial of those drugs is marijuana; its technical name is Cannabis Sativa. But whether you call it cannabis, marijuana, pot, reefer, weed, bud, herb, Mary Jane, hemp, grass or wacky tabacci, it is still illegal in the United States. Actually, all over the world the deliberation rages about the harm or benefits that marijuana has to offer. Attempts to legalize it in the United States

Smoking Cessation, Tips For Success - 869 Words

Smoking Cessation, Tips for Success If you are ready to quit smoking, congratulations! You have chosen to help yourself be healthier. Cigarettes bring nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide, and other irritants into your body. Your lungs, heart, and blood vessels will be able to work better without these poisons. There are many different ways to quit smoking. Nicotine gum, nicotine patches, a nicotine inhaler, or nicotine nasal spray can help with physical craving. Hypnosis, support groups, and medicines help break the habit of smoking. WHAT THINGS CAN I DO TO MAKE QUITTING EASIER? Here are some tips to help you quit for good: †¢ Pick a date when you will quit smoking completely. Tell all of your friends and family about your plan to quit on†¦show more content†¦Remind yourself of your decision to quit. †¢ Change habits associated with smoking. If you smoked while driving or when feeling stressed, try other activities to replace smoking. Stand up when drinking your coffee. Brush your teeth after eating. Sit in a different chair when you read the paper. Avoid alcohol while trying to quit, and try to drink fewer caffeinated beverages. Alcohol and caffeine may urge you to smoke. †¢ Avoid foods and drinks that can trigger a desire to smoke, such as sugary or spicy foods and alcohol. †¢ Ask people who smoke not to smoke around you. †¢ Have something planned to do right after eating or having a cup of coffee. For example, plan to take a walk or exercise. †¢ Try a relaxation exercise to calm you down and decrease your stress. Remember, you may be tense and nervous for the first 2 weeks after you quit, but this will pass. †¢ Find new activities to keep your hands busy. Play with a pen, coin, or rubber band. Doodle or draw things on paper. †¢ Brush your teeth right after eating. This will help cut down on the craving for the taste of tobacco after meals. You can also try mouthwash. †¢ Use oral substitutes in place of cigarettes. Try using lemon drops, carrots, cinnamon sticks, or chewing gum. Keep them handy so they are available when you have the urge to smoke. †¢ When you have the urge to smoke, try deep breathing. †¢ Designate your home as a nonsmoking area. †¢ If you are a heavy smoker,

The Cause and Effects of Global Issue Free Essays

string(156) " patients with CVD reached 230 million in 2008, which means that 2 in 10 adults are suffering from cardiovascular disease \(The Ministry of Health, 2010\)\." The cause and effects of global issue Because of the development of technology, which people use to treat diseases, the deaths caused by communicable disease are decreasing all over the world. However, the deaths of Non-communicable diseases increase. Non-communicable diseases such as Diabetes, Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cancer, which are caused mainly by the bad lifestyle result in the burden to the global economy and caused many deaths in the whole world. We will write a custom essay sample on The Cause and Effects of Global Issue or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this essay, firstly, the causes and effects of Diabetes will be introduced. Secondly, those things of CVD will be demonstrated. Finally, the Cancer’s cause and effect will be discussed. Diabetes is a quite widespread disease, which is caused by the lack of an important hormone called insulin. However, researches show that people who exercise less, insobriety and smoke more possibly get this disease and these factors are the primary causes of this disease (Colditz 1990, Helmrich 1991, Lynch 1996, Manson 2000, Ajani 2000). Because of the spread of this disease, people all over the world were greatly affected and it mainly includes three aspects. Above all, diabetes widely affects our health and daily life. Up to now, it’s still hard to cure diabetes. Diabetes has an excessive morbidity. DIABETES UK (2010) estimates that in 2009, 2. 6 million people in the UK were found to have diabetes and it predicted that the number would increase to 4 million people by 2025. Not only, in the UK, diabetes is also a big problem in the US. In a research (2011) shows that 25. 8 million people in the United States suffered diabetes, which represents 8. 3 percent of the total population. In other developing countries, the situation is even more difficult. In addition to the extremely high rate, diabetes always leads to other diseases like heart disease, High blood pressure, blindness, kidney disease, nervous system disease. In 2004, 68 percent of people older than 65 who were died from heart disease turned out to have relationship with diabetes (2011). From the year 2005 to 2008, 67 percent of people who suffered diabetes have greater blood pressure than the equal level (2011). Besides, diabetes is the leading factor of factors of blindness. In 2008, a total of 20290 people were living on kidney disease in the United States. Most of them have the history of diabetes. What’s more, about 60% to 70% of people with diabetes have a tendency of developing into nervous system disease (2011). Finally, it is also an economic issue to both governments and individual. ‘The Cost of Diabetes in Europe-Type 2 study’ is the first coordinated attempt to measure total healthcare costs of Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Europe. It evaluated more than 7000 patients with Diabetes in eight countries which shows that the total costs of diabetes were estimated at the EUR 29 billion a year(Jonsson,2004). It has the same situation in other countries all over the world. In Canada for 1998, the economic burden of diabetes was likely to between $4. 76 and $5. 23 billion(Keith, 1998). In Sweden, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus is about 3%-4% of the population. The economic burden of diabetes is estimated at 5746 MSEK in1994. (Jonsson, 1983) CVD are the most common complication of diabetes: diabetes causes the microscopic blood vessels of the heart which brings myocardial necrosis. In addition, it also causes atherosclerotic which contributes to coronary heart disease. Myocardial necrosis and heart disease both are a kind of CVD (Goldberg, 2000). Not only are CVD caused by diabetes, but also both of them have something in common. It shows clearly the connection between CVD and unhealthy lifestyle as diabetes does (Wright, Douglas, Rahman, 2004). In other words, unhealthy lifestyle is the main factor of CVD. Unhealthy lifestyle is reflected in using of tobacco, unhealthy diet, lack of exercise and staying up late. On the one hand, with the development of social economy and the living standard improving, people have sufficient money to purchase tobacco. Consequently, tobacco is introduced into people’s life. It has an enormous negative effect on human’s health and is also one of incentives of CVD (Millett, Gray, Saxena, Netuveli, 2007). As another effect of society progress, diet style has changed a lot: people’s staple bread has changed into the high adipose and high protein instead of grain and vegetables (W. H. O. , 2005). Fat intake more than reasonable limit intake, which was the main factors of nutrition superfluous. Over nutrition causes overweight and obese people greatly increases. Overweight and obesity are the common risk factors of CVD (W. H. O. , 2005). On the other hand, the quick pace of city life produces lack of exercise and staying up late. Lack of exercise causes the obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension and hyperglycemia ( Furberg and Thune, 2003). It has been reported by Furberg and Thune (2003) the main risk factors of CVD are hyperglycemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia and obesity. As a result of staying up late, people usually feel ill next day. Phillips (2005) explained the reason why people feel sick. It is because staying up late engenders endocrine disorders. In addition, endocrine disorders will cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, which is one of CVD (Phillips, 2005). Although the decrease of the death rates from CVD appears in some part of western countries (Slattery, Jacobs, Nichaman, 1989), it is still one of the most serious threats to humans, especially among the seniors, in developed countries where medical equipment and technology is comparatively advanced(W. H. O. ,1993). That means the current state of CVD is not that positive as it seems to be. CVD is still one of the deadliest diseases in most parts of western world. Statistics demonstrate that More than 30% of deaths in the United States were caused by CVD (Pakenham, 2010). To make matters worse, the disease, which considered to be solely happening in the western world, now spread to the developing countries and is becoming a worldwide leading cause of death (W. H. O. , 2005). Take China as an example, the number of patients with CVD reached 230 million in 2008, which means that 2 in 10 adults are suffering from cardiovascular disease (The Ministry of Health, 2010). You read "The Cause and Effects of Global Issue" in category "Papers" As a whole, this kind of problem still remains a challenge for human beings (Pakenham, 2010). CVD not only causes large quantities of death, but also increases the enormous economic burden. People who have contracted this kind of diseases suffered unbearable cost pressure including expensive cost of drugs, of undertaking body examinations regularly and of surgery. In 2010 in China, as far as cardiovascular disease is concerned, the acute myocardial infarction costs Chinese society 1. 946 billion Yuan, while 6. 587 billion Yuan in intracranial bleeding and 9. 817 billion Yuan in cerebral infarction. (The Ministry of Health, 2010). According to China cardiovascular disease report(2010) despite of the fact of price changes, a respectively average annual growth rate of acute myocardial infarction, intracranial bleeding and cerebral infarction respect attained 34. 46%, 26. 85% and 31. 05% since 2004. China cardiovascular disease report (2010) stated that such a rapid growth of cost of CVD have a close connection with the rapid growth of the number of people and increases personal and national economic burden. Be similar to diabetes and CVD, the cancer spread very wide and quick and influence seriously. There are many factors, which can cause the increasing of Cancer. The main factor is the unhealthy lifestyle, such as alcohol abuse, inadequate diet, physical inactivity and tobacco’s use. Tobacco’s use, which has the biggest influence on human causes highest rate of cancer. The more and more use of tobacco causes the increasing of lung cancer, which has a high fatality rate. According to the J Natl Cancer Inst (1981), by far, the largest reliably known percentage is the 30% of current U. S. cancer deaths that are due to tobacco. On the other hand, the physical inactivity also causes the increasing of cancer, because the cancer is from the genic mutation. If people do fewer exercises, the more rate of genic mutation will be. So people will have a higher rate of getting cancer. Moreover, the pollution of environment causes the increasing of cancer too. It even can cause 37 forms of cancer (core-reading. No date) Because of the increasing of the cancer described above, it costs much money and influences the economy. This phenomenon not only occurs in developing countries but also in developed countries. According to the Boyle (2008), this is going to present an amazing problem at every level in every society worldwide. However, the influences in different countries are different. For example, the cost of cancer in the United States is less than 1. 73% of GDP but in the Hungary, which has a smaller population and domestic economy it is more than 3. 05% of GDP. (Global Health, 2010) This kind of difference between developing and developed countries is the result of the different degree of attention in the countries. In developing countries, the government pay more attention to the development of economy thus the control of cancer was ignored. Only when cancer becomes an evident disaster, the government will turn to treat it. However, it will cost more money, because the treatment costs more money than the prevention. The truth is that both developing and developed countries spend much money on cancer. The total economic impact of premature death and disability from cancer worldwide was $895 billion in 2008. This cost represents 1. 5 percent of the world’s gross domestic product (GDP). This economic toll from cancer is nearly 19 percent higher than heart disease, the second-leading cause of economic loss ($895 billion and $753 billion, respectively). (Global health, 2010) The high cost of cancer happened because the cancer has direct and indirect influences on the economy. The direct influences include the cost of treatment and prevention of cancer and the funds which be used in research of cancer. The indirectly influences is the decrease of the productivity, because there are no longer enough healthy adults who can work for the industry. Moreover, the death of cancer is more than any other disease, especially in the developing countries. People in Butler County are more likely to die from cancer than heart disease, counter to the trend seen nationally and across the region, according to Journal News’s examination. In some developing countries, the cancer death can equal or larger than 60% of the total death in there per year(Boyle,Levin,2008). In 2008, there were 12. 4 million new case of cancer diagnosed and 7. 6 million deaths from disease (Boyle,Levin,2008). There are a number of factors, which account for the increasing of Non-communicable diseases. However, the main factor is the bad lifestyle of people. On the other hand, the Non-communicable diseases cause many deaths and loss of global economy. It has been argued that there are three kinds of Non-communicable diseases, including Diabetes, CVD and Cancer, which play the important role in NCD. These three diseases caused by the bad lifestyle such as the lack of the exercise and the superfluous or unhealthy diet. Because of the increasing of the NCD, it cost a lot of government’s money to treat it and becomes a heavy burden to the global economy. All in all, the Non-communicable diseases as a global issue result in the burden with the global economy and cause many deaths in the whole world. References Colditz GA, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ,(1990)Weight as a risk factor for clinical diabetes in women. Am J Epidemiol Helmrich SP, Ragland DR, Leung RW, Paffenbarger RS Jr. Physical activity and reduced occurrence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1991 Lynch J, Helmrich SP, Lakka TA, et al. Moderately intense physical activities and high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness reduce risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in middle-aged men. Arch Intern Med 1996 Manson JE, Ajani UA, Liu S, Nathan DM, Hennekens CH. A prospective study of cigarette smoking and the incidence of diabetes mellitus among US male physicians. Am J Med 2000 Ajani UA, Hennekens CH, Spelsberg A, Manson JE. Alcohol consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus among US male physicians. Arch Intern Med 2000 Data from the 2011 National Diabetes Fact Sheet (released Jan. 26, 2011) http://www. diabetes. org/diabetes-basics/diabetes-statistics/ Revealing the cost of Type II diabetes in Europe(B Jonsson – Diabetologia, 2002 – Springer) Goldberg, K. B. (2000) Risk factor CVD in diabetic patients modification for cardiac disease. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies JT Wright Jr, JG Douglas, M Rahman(1998)Prevention of cardiovascular disease in hypertensive patients with normal renal function, [online]Available at lt;http://www. ciencedirect. com/science/article/pii/S0272638698003357 gt;(13/12/2011 15:27) Gerald B. Phillips(2005)Is Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease an Endocrinological Disorder? The Estrogen-Androgen Paradox, [online]Available at lt;http://jcem. endojournals. org/content/90/5/2708. shortgt; (13/12/2011 15:38) ML Slattery, DR Jacobs Jr and MZ Nichaman (1989)Leisure time physical activity and coronary heart disease death. The US Railroad Stu dy [online]Available at http://circ. ahajournals. org/content/79/2/304. short (13/12/2011 15:38) The Ministry of Health. (2010) China cardiovascular disease report, 21th Oct [online]Available at http://www. moh. gov. cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/mohbgt/s6717/201109/52995. htm(13/12/2011 15:39) world health organization report(2005) Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)not date [online]Available at http://www. who. int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs317/en/index. html (13/12/2011 15:41) Making connection Unit 1 reading 2 J Natl Cancer Inst, (1981) . The causes of cancer: quantitative estimates of avoidable risks of cancer in the United States today. online]Available atlt;http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/sites/entrez/7017215? dopt=Abstractamp;holding=f1000,f1000m,isrctngt; (13/12/2011 10:25) lt;lt;Core reading bookgt;gt; Cancer In Developing World(2010). [online]Available atlt;http://www. globalhealth. org/view_top. php3? id=1056gt;(13/12/2011 10:26) American Cancer Society,lnc. (2010),The Global Economic [online]Available atlt;http://www. globalhealth. org/images/pdf/2010_cancer_report. p dfgt; (13/12/2011 10:34) Boyle/ P, and Levin, B. World Cancer Report (2008), How to cite The Cause and Effects of Global Issue, Papers

Overregulating America free essay sample

Overregulation of banks in the United States has kept them homogenous to each other, and unable to have a strategic edge or a unique quality comparing to other banking institutions. The overregulation is due to the 08 crises and has scared governmental officials for years to give banks leeway in big time risk decisions, thus holding back their potential. The 08 crises is one of the most detrimental affects on our economy as a whole, which led to be the largest and most financial jeopardy that our economy has been through, since the Great Depression. Not only did it nearly destroy our economic framework, but it also reshaped the world of finance and investment banking all together. Even though a decade has passed since the crisis occurred, doesnt mean we are out of the woods yet. The effects are still being felt today, yet many people do not fully understand the specifics of what really happened during the crash. We will write a custom essay sample on Overregulating America or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the late 1990s and early 2000s, there was a high demand and purchasing of insurance bonds, being leveled with mortgages called mortgage-backed securities or MBS for short. The reason for this booming of insurance bonds being purchased, was because they have never been cheaper, so the public basically bought up so many insurance bonds, without knowing exactly what theyre getting themselves into. So basically, doing this, overflowed with bonds being purchased triggered the epidemic for what is known as the 08 crises. Investment bankers had a large role in this as well. They would buy mortgages from mortgage issuers, repackaging them and then selling off to investors. This means that investment bankers were tricking investors into purchasing the actual branching off debt of those mortgages, thus creating more debt for our economy, but putting more money in the investment bankers pockets. As time went on, there were less and less new mortgages to securitize so the structured products groups at banks started repacking MBSs, which created an uttered downfall to our economic destruction.Counter claim, however, some Americans believe that banks should be regulated and watched carefully, so an economic crisis will never happen again. From the journal of financial services, Author George J. Benson says I delineate nine reasons that could justify continued regulation, particularly in the United States. These include deposit insurance, preventing banks from obtaining excessive economic power, reducing the cost of individual bank insolvency, avoiding the effects of bank failures on the economy, protecting the payments system, serving the interests of popul arly elected officials, enhancing the Federal Reserves control over the money supply, suppressing competition, and protecting consumers. Benson giving these reasons is important, because he is more cautious than an investment banker would, so it gives the viewpoint of another concerned fellow Americans, but he is coming from someone with no financial experience, only coming from what he feels and what he fears for our future. Allan H. Meltzer, professor of political economy at Carnegie Mellon Universitys Tepper School of Business speaks about the regulation of banks by saying The problem here is not a bank failure, as much as it is a failure of the payment system — that no one will accept payments from another bank because they dont know if they will be able to honor them. That is what we want to prevent. The professor has a point in this, in which he is suggesting that the problem isnt that the banks are failing, its the peoples faith and trust in the banks is the primary issue. If you can no longer have customers to give you their endorsement, then how could your bank possibly succeed? It is like every business and a bank works the same way and is no exception to the free market rules. It works in the way that if you do not have customers for your business or any revenue, it will fail.The Glass-Steagall Act is a perfect example of regulation in banks in the United States. The act was passed by the U.S. Congress in 1933, otherwise known as the banking act, which prohibited commercial banks from taking any action in the investment banking business. The act was sponsored by Senator Carter Glass, which was the secretary of treasury before he became a senator, and Rep. Henry Steagall, a member of the House of Representatives at the time following the great depression. The act was passed as an emergency standard to match the failure of thousands of banks during the Great Depression. It lost its authoritative affect decades later and was repealed in 1999. Now, keeping it current, presidential candidate and now president of the U.S. Donald Trump called for a potential reinstatement of this during the 2016 presidential campaign. Trump hinted at a potential reinstatement of the Glass-Steagall Act while he was running. When trump became president, Gary Cohn (head of the national economic council), vouched to restore the act to break up the big banks, which is the main point of this old act. The act is meant to break up large and powerful banks, by marginalizing them and splitting them up into different divisions. Making banks weaker creates a non-monopoly on our economy. Cohn made a persuasive case for this act, while senators supported the idea, such as John McCain(Arizona) and Elizabeth Warren(Massachusetts). The majority of those in favor of this act being reinstalled was republicans, but a small percentage of democrats were in favor of it, such as Bob Casey(Pennsylvania). The bill would instill a division of banking from investment bankers and insurance bonds being watched over directly from government officials within a five-year transition period. If everything goes the way its supposed to, it would make the banks more secure for depositors and begin to diminish the risk of another depression or 08 crises come our way. CNN had a response to his statement days after, by saying Returning that Great Depression-era law would force the mega banks to break themselves apart by separating their Wall Street investment bank divisions from their Main Street checking account business. CNN is giving a nod to trump, approving the idea of conducting a bill o f a 21st century version of this act. If that is trumps intent to bring back this act and revise to our own economy, could potentially create balance in our economy. The act isnt perfect in any way and still has holes in it. Deal Book, a business and policy website states that Cohn has a hidden interest for his old partners Goldman Sachs. Unlike JPMorgan Chase and Bank of America, Goldman Sachs has no physical retail bank branches and only a sliver of its rivals trillions of dollars in deposits. Creating this act does not put regulation on everything, just what many of the banks relies on, which may seem fair, but with every act and every law, someone always benefits from it. No matter how much regulation you put on anything, you will always find people that luck out and only benefit from economic regulation. The article continues to go on and say, What better way for Mr. Cohn to repay his former colleagues than by endorsing a plan that would virtually eliminate Goldmans remaining competitors and cause them to spend years, and billions of dollars, going down the rabbit hole of separating their commercial and investment banking businesses? Even t hough this quote is purely hypothetical, it does make you think of what exactly this act will do for America if it were to be passed. The act would not be the same as the one from the great depression, but it would create opportunities for regulation to occur within the banks and insurance companies. But remember, people in Washington always have an agenda or something that may not only benefit America but benefit them financially as well. Officials could also say that they will make the law the exact same but a little more revised in comparison to the old one. You also must think about the chance of no revisions being done that may benefit us, and may only benefit banks, causing leeway for another economic depression or breakdown.Now, regulation of banks may not be such a good thing, it could also be a tentative move by the government to get in the way of progress and development of banks. VP of Commercial Banking at California Bank of Trust in Los Angeles (JP McDonald), said I agree with your thesis Brandon, because overregulation in banks have been a problem since the 08 crises. The reason I agree with you beca use, as a bank, we have a lot more rules set in our industry now, which decreases our potential as a business. After interviewing him, he had a biased view on it because he works for a bank and his department is one of the few areas they are trying to regulate more often. Regulating areas like commercial banking just because of the risk factor of losing money is both smart, but tedious at the same time. Professionals in areas like commercial banking are not able to work as freely as other employed workers in any bank, thus creating potential error. JP has worked for his bank for ten years, which was the exact time the 08 crises hit. He is still dealing with problems today, that are about the 08 crises. You may be confused of wondering What is commercial banking, well JP further explains his role in his company, by telling me Im a loan officer and I loan money to our clients and I sign off and I am the final say in how much money as a bank give them. JPs role is very important, because he determines how much money companies or startups, to jumpstart, save, or fill a basic need the company nee ds and is asking for aid. During the interview, JP also mentioned that he is limited by the government for how much he is allowed to give at a time, which seems reasonable, but lets review a couple of scenarios. Say a business needs over $500,000 dollars to fill their needs to complete a project they are working for and the government only allows his bank to sign off on $350,000, because the amount being asked for, sounds too risky. But, also think about what would happen if they were not able to get the loan they needed. The company may go under and lose money, which is not the way of supporting American businesses around the country. The bank also loses a client, which in the long run loses money and loses future potential business with that client. The company may also reach out to another bank and take JPs banks business. Even though that is the way free market works, it is still not fair that the government steps in the way and prohibits the needs from both the bank and its clients. The free market is an amazing and beautiful thing, but once the government steps in and interferes with progress, then everyone loses. There is such a large trust issue between the banks and the government in our country. Whenever the banks fail, they blame the government and whenever the government fails, they blame the banks. If this relationship between both the banks and our government, then we will have another stock market crash, another recession, and another crisis. No matter how much regulation you put on the banks, you will always find problems within our economy. Both of these powerhouses that run our country have to fix the relationship between each other and finally work together. Both have to understand that in order have running a country and having a great one, requires them to see eye to eye. They could blame each other, talk trash on each other, and even twist their arm a little, but that isnt going to solve anything at all what so ever. Think of the relationships between the two this way, when Baron de Montesquieu in 1784 created the system of checks and balances between the three different types of government to make sure that all branches kept each other in check and had a system set of rules to go along with it. That idea from this French philosopher during the late 1700s, is exemplified in the 21st century of America with the banks and government. They keep each other in check to a degree, but the government has a control over the bank, much more than the bank has control over the government. The banks should have more power than it does now and make it a partnership, not a dictatorship.According to The economist, it gives another example of overregulation by saying to Consider the Dodd-Frank law of 2010. Its aim was noble: to prevent another financial crisis. Its strategy was sensible, too: improve transparency, stop banks from taking excessive risks, prevent abusive financial practices and end too big to fail by authorizing regulators to seize any big, tottering financial firm and wind it down. This law was simple, in other words it was to shut down banks that had too much power overall, or it was to prevent giving banks too much leeway for risk decisions that may lead to collapse of businesses, or even worse, our economy. This law may seem great, but it also may lead to another economic break. The reason for a potential break, is because it would lead to overregulation which is the main problem with these laws, acts, or whatever you want to call them. It would lead to potential collapse of our economy, because banks would not be able to take risk at all, which also moves our economy forward. It would also increase the amount of tension between banks and government. Theres an old saying with a man that owns a dog and attempts to correct it on something. The man smacked the dog too much when it did something wrong, and what did the dog do? The dog bit back. Now, if you sometimes pet the dog and give it a treat once and awhile, you can sometimes correct the dog. Thats whats happening with banks and its overregulation from the government. Its ok to put regulation on banks, but once you start putting them down with more rules and regulation, you are soon going to be seeing a rebellion with the banks in their relationship towards the government. You have to sometimes give your dog leeway and able to make mistakes. No big deal if you smack the dog once and awhile, but you also must praise it when it does a great job. But thats not the case with the relationship between banks and the government. The bank will never learn from its mistakes if the government keeps punishing them with never a reward. It does not help our economy by passing these laws by making drastic changes to banking. There may be a point where our banks will be so marginalized by our economy, to where we may not have banks at all.The more of regulations and rules from our government being instilled on our banks, the more chaos will reign over our country. This essay has included many examples of overregulation and its affects, such as the Glass-Steagall and the Dodd-Frank Law. Even though the Glass-Steagall act came in around the great depression, it was the stepping stone for regulation of banks in the United Sates. The only problem with this law previously stated in the essay, was that it does not go with our modern times, which the overregulation of banks is unnecessary, which resulted in years of fear and questions in our economic system. The Dodd-Frank Law that was established in 2010 however, was in response to the 08 crises. This law seems perfect to the naked eye, but really others in the government, or other partners with the government may benefit from some of the laws being passed, while other business and industry are destroyed. Through someone that has experience in the banking world, JP McDonald, the commercial banker that was interviewed, gave his opinion on whether banks really are being overregulated from the government. His thoughts concurred with the thesis of this essay, which is banks being overregulated by the government and holding back the potential of its great future ahead of it. All sources are more than valid that were in this essay, and without a doubt make a case to look deeper into regulation of banks all over our country. The evidence is clear, overregulation is happening in our banks and soon, if we do not act, their may be no economy left.