Publica Administration in the Age of Globalization in India

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN THE AGE OF GLOBALIZATION IN INDIA The aim of this paper is to acquaint the reader about the influence of globalisation on the Public Administration of India. But before I proceed I feel it is absolutely necessary to define the two terms-â€Å"Globalisation† and â€Å"Public Administration†. I will then discuss the changes that Globalisation has brought about on the Indian Public Administration. Globalisation is the process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas, and other aspects of culture. Globalisation is an umbrella term and is perhaps best understood as a unitary process inclusive of many†¦show more content†¦The practices of traditional Public Administration are under increasing attack from neo-liberal economists and rational choice scholars who have provided the intellectual inputs to the politicians determined to reduced the state and scope of the public sector. As a result of Globalization, the national economies are gradually opening up. So as the economies lose their discrete, self-contained character they become harder for National control and management. Globalization in India began essentially in the year 1991 when the deficit in the balance of payments prompted India, under Prime Minister, P. V. Narasimha Rao and his Finance Minister, Manmohan Singh (currently the Prime Minister of India) to undertake a series of structural economic reforms as a part of the bailout deal with the International Monetary Fund. Since 1991, the context of administration has again been changing under the impact of the New Economic Policy. Concepts like globalisation, liberalisation, and privatisation have gained wide cur ¬rency that are indicative of more openness of government to international competition, deregulation and dismantling of a series of government controls, and downsizing of government by handing over selected activities to the private sector, and by encouraging the non-government organisations to work more and m ore in the social development sector, particularly in such

Humanism and the Renaissance Arts - 1289 Words

When discussing the Renaissance; the most intimate area of focus are, art and architecture. Although no one really talks about Renaissance being an obvious era of some of the greatest and most innovative masters of painting, sculptures and builders. Or even that It is also the most influential eras that marked the emergence of a great deal of Scholars, thinkers, writers and philosophers. Regardless the Renaissance (a French word for â€Å"rebirth†) was a much needed time for awakening, from the intellectual darkness of the medieval direction, and the rise of many, concepts that would form the basis for civilization as we know it today. Renaissance is a term that was created in the nineteenth century originally to symbolize the revival of art and letters from the influences of ancient Roman and Greek models. The Renaissance was unquestionable, a distinct era. Logical thoughts and morals from the ancient Greek and Roman individuals headed towards humanistic beliefs and encourage d people to become multi-talented people. As a result, the Renaissance people became a prominent population. As the ideals of the people changed, religion could no longer control their lives and Allowed advancements in all characteristics of life to virtually improved. Through the period of the Renaissance, ideas and beliefs changed greatly. Humanism played a significant role in the advancements of the Renaissance. Humanism, stressed secular ideas and beliefs; as well as the importance of advocating human’sShow MoreRelatedItalian Renaissance Humanism in Art1826 Words   |  8 PagesThe Renaissance, as defined in Merriam-Webster=s dictionary, is the transitional movement in Europe between medieval and modern times beginning in the 14th century in Italy, lasting into the 17th century, and marked by a humanistic revival of classical influence expressed in a flowering of the arts and literature and by the beginnings of modern science. Many dramatic changes occurred during this time in the fields of philosophy, literature, and art. New emphasis was placed on enjoying life and theRead MoreHow Humanism Affected Art in the Renaissance764 Words   |  3 PagesHumanism affected the art of the Renaissance because of how Renaissance artists became inc reasingly interested with humanist concepts, and because of how they tried to incorporate humanist beliefs into their art. Artists conveyed their humanist beliefs by using new techniques such as perspective, and by painting more realistic figures. In addition, humanism encouraged artists to paint using new secular themes that were rediscovered along with classical art and texts. The artists of the Italian RenaissanceRead More Humanism and Its Effects on Renaissance Art Essay1034 Words   |  5 PagesBeginning roughly around the year 1400 an era in Europe began; one that would shape the ideas and the lives of men. This era of rebirth or renaissance came within the fifteenth century through the revival of classical texts. One central effect of the Renaissance was the production of a new intellectual idea: humanism. Humanism being defined as a, â€Å"[t]erm invented in the 19th century. . . [regarding] developments relating to the revival of Classical literature and learning in Eu ropean culture fromRead MoreRenaissance Ideals of Humanism Are Expressed in the Italian Art of the Period970 Words   |  4 PagesDiscuss how Renaissance ideals of humanism are expressed in the Italian art of the period, referring to specific works and artists. During the fourteenth century Italy witnessed notable changes, which throughout the next couple of centuries extended towards northern Europe. This was later described as the Renaissance, the cultural achievements through sixteenth centuries; those achievements rest on the economic and political developments of earlier centuries. (Western Society, 413) This wasRead MoreArt with Science: The Italian Renaissance and Art1479 Words   |  6 PagesButterfield 27). The Italian Renaissance is famous for its art which includes unique style of painting and sculpting, however, the Renaissance made significant remark on the use of scientific techniques which also can be considered as the influence of classical ideas. Although, classical ideas were not advanced like in the Renaissance, it provided the foundation for the Renaissance to revive it again. The Italian Renaissance transformed the manner of viewing the arts. Before, most people in ItalyRead MoreLeonardo Da Vinci : The Renaissance951 Words   |  4 PagesThe Renaissance was a rebirth of creativity, freedom, individuality, independence and self- determination. During this time period where humanism was encouraged, there were countless Renaissance men. One astounding and well recognized man was Leonardo da Vinci, he had many aptitudes and talents that portrayed him to be an astonishing artist of the Renaissance time period. Leonardo da Vinci, Influenced many during the Renaissance, due to his great art, anatomy, science literature. As demonstratedRead MoreThe Middle Ages And The Renaissance1137 Words   |  5 Pagesinnovations that followed the Middle Ages and was branded as the Renaissance. There have been disagreements as to whether the Renaissance is actually a isolated time period, or instead, just a great point of the Middle Ages. The Renaissance was unquestionably a distinct time period. With the ancient Greek and Roman people as their muse, it led to humanism views and stimulated man to become talented in multiple areas of life. Therefore, the Renaissance man, a man who surpassed in many areas, became protuberantRead MoreThe Impact of Renaissance on the Present1204 Words   |  5 Pagescultural and societal changing events, which transpired throughout the years 1350-1600. During the period known today as the â€Å"Renaissance† (1350-1600), the world of art, the boundaries of marriage, and secular viewpoints were forever revolutionized, through the development and spread of â€Å"Renaissance Humanism†, which today, still affects modern day life. (Knox 1999) The Renaissance (1350-1600), named from the French word meaning â€Å"rebirth†, began in Florence Italy, spreading through Europe, and eventuallyRead MoreWhy Did The Renaissance Come From Northern Europe?1696 Words   |  7 PagesWhy did the Renaissance come later to northern Europe than to Italy and what were its distinctive characteristics? The Renaissance, a term coined by Giorgio Vasari in 1550 , is used to describe the period of cultural and intellectual change which started in Italy and then spread across the rest of Europe. This development in society led to Europe stepping out of the medieval era and becoming a powerhouse on a global scale. The Italian Renaissance is what the majority of people think ofRead More Humanism The Renaissance And M Essay535 Words   |  3 Pages amp;#65279;Humanism nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The introduction of the concept of humanism greatly affected the Renaissance. The Humanistic influence shaped Renaissance art, writing, education and thinkers, its ideas were spread among all aspects of life. Machiavelli’s writings during the Renaissance were also affected by the ideas of humanism. His ideas reflect the thoughts of humanism in the way he thought governments and societies should be organized. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Humanism’s

Cognitive-Behavioral Case Study of London A Conceptualization and Treatment Plan Free Essays

In this conceptualization and treatment plan, the client’s presenting problems will be discussed in detail including symptoms and diagnosis. All disclosed problem areas for the client are described including, depression and anxiety. Cognitive behavioral theory is explained including the theory’s core concepts and key elements. We will write a custom essay sample on Cognitive-Behavioral Case Study of London: A Conceptualization and Treatment Plan or any similar topic only for you Order Now Cognitive behavioral theory is utilized as the theory of choice throughout the treatment plan and conceptualization. The goals and interventions utilized are outlined also utilizing cognitive behavioral theory techniques. The goals for this client and treatment plan include; In conclusion the expected outcome of each intervention utilized is disclosed and all other challenges of the entire process are given. Presenting Concerns London presents as a 24-year old biracial woman of African-American and Caucasian decent. London came into counseling due to ongoing depression and poor peer relations caused by her anxiety and mistrust issues. London is a single mother recently discharged from the military with minimal support systems in place. She is currently working in a job she dislikes and feels trapped in her present life as it is. Her child’s father is incarcerated and she has been hiding this information from her family out of fear of judgment. London has four siblings three of which are younger than she. London and her siblings were raised by their paternal grandmother due to her parent’s drug abuse issues. London’s grandmother often displayed signs of depression during her childhood although it went undiagnosed without treatment. London described some symptoms of post-partum depression after the birth of her son, which went untreated. London does not have good relationships with her siblings nor does she have any solid peer relationships she feels she needs. London was raised as a Christian, but feels disconnected from God and guilty over her choices to have a child out of wedlock. London is now feeling increased anxiety about telling her family about her issues with her son’s father and what his return will do to their already strained relationship. Case Conceptualization Speaking to London revealed many issues with forming and maintain healthy relationships. London’s lack of substantial relational exchanges with her parents seems to have caused much anxiety now that she herself is a parent (she reports being anxious around her child). Both London’s mother and father were not present during the ties she was trying to build a solid sense of self-awareness. London reports constantly being indecisive about things, as she was unsure of her likes and dislikes. London may have developed a poor sense of self, as she felt rejected by both parents. That rejection has now resurfaced in the relationship with Zion’s father, Xavier. Like her parents, Xavier left London during a pivotal time in her life. London may now believe she will become withdrawn and distant towards her own child the way her mother and father had done to her. London’s disconnect from herself and reality continued throughout adulthood when her grandmother did not pay as much attention to her as she would’ve liked. London has allowed feelings of incompetence and inadequacy hinder her progress at work, school, and in her peer relationships. London developed a habit of distancing herself from others in an attempt to avoid developing relationships. This distance included her siblings as she indicated she does not call them, visit them, or take any of their calls. London is also dishonest about what is going in her life with her family. London’s distorted view on her relationships has fueled her desire to maintain unhealthy relationships with men including her children’s father and other male figures. London reports being afraid to break off the relationship as she does not feel she can find someone else. Goals and Interventions How to cite Cognitive-Behavioral Case Study of London: A Conceptualization and Treatment Plan, Free Case study samples

Emerging seed enhancement and technology - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Emerging seed enhancement and technology. Answer: Introduction: The business environment comprises of the organization itself and all the other things that influences its success, for instance, the contenders, consumers, regulatory agencies,suppliers and economic, social and financial conditions. Powerful consumers, evolving nature of workforce, data overload, technical innovation, social responsibility and various such other factors influence and lead to the changing business environment. Globalisation and strong competitive atmosphere worldwide, influence the transformation of business environment to a great extent. Transformation of industrial economics such as demand of information-based economies, new services and products, time-based competition, scantier product life has also played a vital role, in bringing about changes in the business environment. The following essay aims at analyzing the major aspects of changing business environment. The progress of technology in the course of a series of innovations, beginning with the first industrial revolution in the latter half of eighteenth century and early half of nineteenth century, has had an important impact on the domain of financial development in the western sphere of the world. Technology aids in shattering the spatial barriers and bringing about variation in activities (Parker, Cox Thompson, 2014). The impact of technology on employment is more advantageous than it is generally assumed (Hollnagel, 2016). Working environment is also largely affected by technology (Madsen et al., 2016). However, the course of technological development is not free from qualms and is mostly an outcome of numerous experiments conducted over a considerable period of time. A great many individuals around the globe in organizations like Google, Microsoft and Accenture can make utilization of the advances in telepresence gadgets, to totally dispose of the requirement for journey (Parker, Cox Thompson, 2014). Breaking the spatial connection between their home and office enables them to appreciate life without any confinements, while sparing nature and significantly slicing costs. Similarly, it enables organizations to discover and appoint the best talents present on this planet, without worrying about shifting them and their families. These gadgets are not robots intended to wipe out employments. On the contrary, they are enabling representatives to break the hindrances of extent, topography and national limits - enabling workers to be at the place they are required, without paying any heed to their actual, physical location.Development of technology has made communication simpler and aremore reasonable to incorporate into workplaces. Gradually, however clearly, all data and correspondence is getting digitized. Telepresence gadgets are digitizing our bodies (Mabogunje, 2015). For most business exercises, we utilize our eyes, ears, legs and mouth. One is not staring at the screen, one is looking across the screen, on the opposite side. Telepresence is getting to be plainly a standout amongst other approaches to movement and it is probably going to have an indistinguishable effect in this decade, in a similar manner in which internet business had in the previous decade (Parker, Cox Thompson, 2014). Changes to Work Pratices It has been found that in every work environment, there must be some technological innovation for gaining profit. In certain businesses with few workers, it is important to utilize different programming software that will help to keep a track of the customers and thus it will help in the expansion of the business entity. It can be said that technology helps in solving the problems that emerges in the workplace environment.In every business organization, both the finances and the stock must be handled effectively and there must be proper programming set up that will make the task easier. An example can be cited of reports, government propositions or letters that are used in different contractual work in alternative to computer aided approach. Technological innovation in three or four routes can be incorporated with the help of varied telephone framework that are used in spare calls. In order to reduce the cost, group calls must be encouraged. The modern technological innovation such a s tablets and cellphones must try their best to reduce the cost (Yang et al., 2015). In this present era, the businessmen are capable of receiving the calls while they are not in their workplace or are travelling abroad. These electronic gadgets have enabled the businessmen to explore the message, daily newspaper and use the internet effectively. It will make the travel hassle free and in these cases, the businessmen need not carry the paper and the documents and thus they can carry out their work smoothly. Therefore, it can be said that technology will spare vitality and time and further innovation will reduce the efforts of human beings. For instance, people calling an assistance work area for answers to an inquiry would not be able to contact a live individual. Pressing number keys to convey ones requirements, for example, "1 for yes" or "2 for no," depersonalizes the connection amongst clients and the organizations. The business benefits and the work activities will interface wi th the globalization process that is backed by technological development. It has been easier for the people to stay in close contact with their friends and relatives. Although, it has taken years or months to discover these ideas, but this will be beneficial for the business organization to remain in contact with each other. Customer or Buyer Approaches The organization administration will face many difficulties in association with the technical changes. With the rapid development of technological innovation, it is the responsibility of the organization to connect or correspond with the clients that needs further transformation. This technological innovation rests in the hand of the clients and this is possible with the tablets and mobile phones. These gadgets are continuously modified with the latest technological version and thus they are presented to the customers in a tenure of less than six months. It can be said that every individual is enjoying two lives, an online life and an exhausting offline life. In such cases, the customers prefers to use more than one gadget at a single time so that they can keep themselves refreshed. It also implies that this will help in the development of their knowledge and skills and thus they can be educated with the help of web-enabled services. More than 91% of the purchasers has highlighted th at the control over electronic gadgets is essential (Madsen et al., 2016). It is the duty of the organization to decide the tenurity of their business and the clients must remain consented with or without the specific term. It can be said that with the rapid development of technology, the customers can wish to purchase any items of their choice from anywhere through the access of web-based services. It is also important for the businessmen to be aware of the changed conduct of the customers because there might be high chances of bankruptcy in certain cases. An example can be cited of a client who wants to purchase any item on the web at the end of the day, i.e. when it is time for the helpline centers to get closed and there is no such solutions at that time. In such cases, the client will prefer to choose another seller in order to find proper solution at the right moment. The customers also comprehend the power they have with the particular service or the product and thus it depic ts that whether the customers are happy or unhappy with the service. There are certain factors that will cause disappointment to the customers and thus this will create problem in the future. Previously, these organizations provided services to the client through telephone calls and messages and they failed to provide prompt services to the customers. Therefore, it can be said that the two-communication method has their own disadvantages and they failed to provide proper service to the organization. The online networking stages will try to put the business directly to the clients and the businessmen must get engaged in these interaction to keep up the brand image. Networking Structures An association conveys its functions and other important operations and also appropriates their obligations through network structures as well as adjusts to any change that has to be made. Reference for Business indicates that networking structures is the process through which an organization correctly uses its own assets to meet the objectives that it has set for itself (Pollock Hyysalo, 2014). An organization has to make sure that its infrastructure and functions are dynamic, so that it can efficiently react to the changes that affect its hierarchical structure. The survival of the organization can only be ensured if the institution can be adaptable and respond better to the changes that come its way. The organizational functions and operations are affected by the adaptability to the technical innovation and how are those internalized and implemented within the organizational structure. Reference for Business draws the example of how group projects were helped with the advent of th e internet, which made communication among people easier. In order to be effective, the internet assured, the people who are working together on the same assignment need not be in the same vicinity, let alone being obligated to be in the same room. Technology can help organizations to both create and dispose of positions within itself. With technological innovation being used extensively in records keeping, the need to have physical space for the same decreased considerably. However, organizations have to make sure to keep a team of specialists, who are well versed in the technological aspects, so that they can use and develop the network arrangements. Technical innovation regularly changes the capabilities of the employees in the working environment and this again keeps the networking structure changing continuously. Organizational development is one of the most pivotal aspects that affect the network structure considerably. With organizations developing, the effects of it on the o rganizational structure is significant and often alters the entire perspective of how organizational operations are viewed. These changes are particularly visible when the organization is expanding physically to another geographical location or using the internet to gain more popularity on the virtual world. Even though an organization may have humble beginnings and a small work force, with changing times and technological improvements, it has to procure many more workers to facilitate in its functions and meet the rising requirements. The different parts of the business operations have to be monitored by different groups and there have to be a number of operation chiefs, who are directly answerable to their supervisors, so that the entire functions of the organizations can be monitored. Organizations have to make sure that client satisfaction is guaranteed and for this purpose, organizations often have entire divisions that are devoted to keeping tabs on customer feedbacks and reta in the customers through different strategies. The organizational structure often has to be modified, either expanded or contracted, in many cases, based on the required specifications of a client, so that the agreements are met (Yang et al., 2015). Financial Systems and Practices Technological improvements on electronic systems that exchange and trade data ensures that innovation is not halted in any way. When electronic transactions are made, it is essentially exchange of data, which again is ensured by keeping tracks of the online funds, which is aided by technological innovation. Professor Winn from the University of Washington School of Law concurs that the currently existing data economy is established by the monetary institutions(Abel, 2014). Finance today depends on technical innovation. The data systems that were created by the financial industry in the twentieth century, have been greatly weakened by the open nature of the internet of the modern day. Every financial institution works on a wide information network which is also highly secure, which is helped by information technology so that they can operate on a global level. Winn stated that monetary markets can be thought of as the primary composed, worldwide data markets working through networked computers (Thinking, 2017). If data innovation did not happen, the financial institutions would have a huge problem when met with the advancements across every country on the planet and organizations would also fail to gain data as the same time as their competitors. For example, the internet can assist every financial institution to track the credit rating and score of all the moneylenders, organizations or insurance agencies so that their reliability can be assured before handing out loans and review a client. Important data on the clients are given to financial institutions by online networking based information technology. Online stock dealers can benefit greatly by using websites like TradeKing, which can enable them to talk among themselves about their respective picks and also encourage newcomers to participate more(Carey, 2014). Data innovation that gives more emphasis on improvements based on the societal needs allow the financial organizations to reach out to the younger p art of the society so that they are sure to become the clients of the organizations in the future. Conclusion: Data innovation and the related applications have experienced significant improvement in the recent decades, which, in turn, has helped to change the perception of the people involving the world and how businesses are run. Effectiveness, profitability and base line all have been changed drastically and both business and exchange have increased in the current situation where huge amount of data is relatively easy to obtain and can influx in a single domain. The information base that is available right now is being fast rendered obsolete and being replaced by new and more up-to-date data. This procedure again, is prompted by the need by the businesses and way the businesses are run, which constantly require newer data and new processes. The previously mentioned business way is helping the businesses to reach new heights and newer directions are being explored, with new modes of administration life cycles. Many organizations are manufacturing items that are unique in nature and this way are also making sure that they do not have to face much rivalry while running the business. References: Abel, R. L. (Ed.). (2014).The Politics of Informal Justice: Volume 2: Comparative Studies(Vol. 2). Elsevier. Carey, T. (2014). The best online brokers of 2014.Barrons. Accessed: January,26, 2016. Hollnagel, E. (2016).Barriers and accident prevention. Routledge. Mabogunje, A. (2015).The development process: A spatial perspective(Vol. 14). Routledge. Madsen, M. D., Davies, K. W., Boyd, C. S., Kerby, J. D., Svejcar, T. J. (2016). Emerging seed enhancement technologies for overcoming barriers to restoration.Restoration Ecology,24(S2). Madsen, M. D., Davies, K. W., Boyd, C. S., Kerby, J. D., Svejcar, T. J. (2016). Emerging seed enhancement technologies for overcoming barriers to restoration.Restoration Ecology,24(S2). Parker, R., Cox, S., Thompson, P. (2014). How technological change affects power relations in global markets: remote developers in the console and mobile games industry.Environment and planning A,46(1), 168-185. Parker, R., Cox, S., Thompson, P. (2014). How technological change affects power relations in global markets: remote developers in the console and mobile games industry.Environment and planning A,46(1), 168-185. Pollock, N., Hyysalo, S. (2014). The business of being a user: The role of the reference actor in shaping packaged enterprise system acquisition and development.MIS quarterly,38(2). Thinking, C., Wildermuth, T. A., Byers, M., Franks, K., Gage, A., Villa, C. J., ... Whittington, J. (2017). WASHINGTON JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW POLICY. Yang, Q., Kherbachi, S., Hong, Y. S., Shan, C. (2015). Identifying and managing coordination complexity in global product development project.International Journal of Project Management,33(7), 1464-1475.

Wall Street and Boiler Room Compare and Contrast

Lots of movies help people comprehend this life better, learn a couple of lessons, and make everything possible to improve this life and enjoy it. There are so many topics, which directors are eager to disclose in their works, and one of them is human desire to earn more money without taking into consideration possible consequences. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Wall Street and Boiler Room: Compare and Contrast specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To my mind, Wall Street and Boiler Room are one of the most interesting and educative films about the ways of how young people want to achieve the desirable success by means of frauds, lies, and violations. These two movies have lots in common: Wall Street, stockbrokers, violation of law; but still, it is necessary to admit certain differences between the main characters, their economic status, and the situation in the world in general. Wall Street is the movie, starring Charlie Sheen, Michael Douglas, and Daryl Hannah, and directed by Oliver Stone in 1987. The events, described in the movie, are all about 1985. Boiler Room is the movie about the stockbrokers of the 1990s, directed by Ben Younger in 2000. Such wonderful actors as Giovanni Ribisi and Vin Diesel starred in this movie and presented a wonderful picture of the young men of the 1990s, who were extremely eager to improve their lives by any possible means. Of course, the similarities of these movies are quite obvious: they both touch upon the questions of stockholders and earning easy but dirty money. Wall Street is considered to be the major place in the lives of the characters from both movies. All characters are ready to break the law in order to achieve the desirable purposes: Bud Fox and Gordon Gekko from Wall Street, and Seth Davis from Boiler Room. The plot of these stories develops in one and the same way: one anti-character achieves certain success and tries to develop own busine ss. However, numerous problems and personal sufferings appear with time and frustrate all the plans. As a result, the character learns something more significant for this life in order to change everything and become better. In order to underline the similarities of these two movies, I want to consider two characters: Gordon Gekko (Wall Street) and the center of Boiler Room, Seth Davis. Without any doubts, Gordon seems to be rather greedy person with his own ambitions. However, his attitude to different situations and reactions on unpredictable changes are quite normal: he is a child of a blue collar family; he knows which troubles this life may present; and, finally, he knows enough to comprehend everything and choose the best way out. In his turn, Seth is a young boy from a successful family, whose father is a judge. Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The house, Seth lives in, i s really nice, and he does not suffer from money absence. This is why the goals of the characters and the ways, they choose to achieve them may be explained and even justified. However, Seth’s desire to have more money and no ideas what to do with them are remain not quite comprehensible. Of course, Wall Street and Boiler Room are rather interesting movies, which present a clear picture of how one game, one desire, and one mistake may change the whole life. It is better to watch such movies in order to learn, in order not make the same mistake, and in order to help some other people solve problems and not to be destroyed by own desires. This essay on Wall Street and Boiler Room: Compare and Contrast was written and submitted by user Nathaly Humphrey to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

macro essays

macro essays Classical macroeconomics is the theory and the classical model of the economists Adam Smith, David Ricardo, John Mills and Jean Baptiste Say. Below the assumptions of the classical macroeconomics are described. Competitive markets: Classical theories all make many assumptions about the markets and their competitiveness.these assumptions are that all the markets are easy to enter and exit. No monopoly elements are present in the market to prevent newcomers from entering the market or stopping the present ones from quiting the market. Pricess and wages are flexible in both upward and downward directions according to the demand and supply forces. No single seller or buyer of a product has sufficient market power to influence the industry price, nor does any supplier or purchaser of labor services have sufficient market power to influence the market wage rate. Thus all economic agents are price-takers and not price-setters. Because the markets are competitive, a disequilibrium can only exist for a short period of time which economists call the short run. The firm can not change some of its aspects of operation. So every firm has some fixed inputs while the pricess and the wages are changing a nd flexible. So, if for some reason the product market were experiencing excess demand in some industry, with quantity demanded greater than quantity supplied, prices would rise until quantity demanded once again equaled quantity supplied. The rise in price returns the market to equilibrium. On the factor side, if there were an excess supply of workers, wages would decline until equilibrium in the labor market was restored and everyone who wanted to work can find a jobwhich is called the full employment. Perfect information: In classical theory all economic decision-makers are assumed to be operating by having all the information they needed to make the best decisions. The cost of acquiring information, transactions costs are s...

International Business Strategy Master Case Study

International Business Strategy Master - Case Study Example How should Starbucks manage the paradox of profitability and responsibility Andrews (1997: p. 52) defines corporate strategy as "the pattern of decisions in a company that determines and reveals its objectives, purposes, or goals, produces the principal policies and plans for achieving those goals, and defines the range of business the company is to pursue, the kind of economic and human organisation it is or intends to be and the nature of the economic and non-economic contribution it intends to make to its shareholders, employees, customers, and communities". Corporate strategy in effect maps out the businesses in which an organisation intends to compete in a way that focuses resources to convert distinctive capabilities into competitive advantage. (Andrews, 1997). Economists are not in agreement as to a common definition of multinational or transnational enterprises (MNE/TNC). Multinational corporations have many dimensions and can be viewed from several perspectives (ownership, management, strategy and structural, etc. (Root 1994, Hill 2007). According to Ghoshal. et al (2002), A multinational Entreprise (or transnational corporation) is a corporation or enterprise that manages production establishments or delivers services in at least two countries. Most multinationals have budgets that exceed those of many countries (Ghoshal et al. 2002). This paper addresses some of the pertinent issues that affected Starbucks in 2006. The paper further discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the different models of entry used often adopted by Multinationals. The last section of the paper looks at Stakeholder mapping of Starbucks and how each of its Stakeholders affected its strategies 2.0Identify and assess the strategic challenges confronting Starbucks Corporation in 2006. Use your findings to critically evaluate the firm's decision not to compromise on its "basic principles" (Case Page 303) as its expands internationally. Today's business environment is increasingly becoming more turbulent, chaotic and challenging than ever before and to survive, it is vital that a firm understands the strategies underpinning the success of rival firms and try to emulate, or do something better than the rivals. This study is initiated to investigate the core features underpinning H&M success when compared to it competitors. Within the context of today's global competition, businesses and firms no-longer compete as individual companies but try to corporate with other businesses in their activities (Wu & Chien 2007:2). These researchers went further to argue that, this strategy has become quite common in many businesses including the retail clothing chain stores. The conventional vertical integrated company based business model is gradually being replaced by collaborative relationship between many fragmented, but complementary and specialized value stars and constellation (Wu & Chien:1). The problems and challenges that Starbucks faced in 2006 can be explain inline Porters five forces. Porter (1985:4) contends that the Five Forces define the rules of competition in any industry and at the same time marks the bases for understanding a company's success. Porter (1985) went further and argues that, competitive

D.A.R.E. Drug Abuse Resistance Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

D.A.R.E. Drug Abuse Resistance Education - Essay Example The most prevalent drug education program in existence is the Drug Abuse Resistance Education program, commonly referred to as D.A.R.E. This is a program currently taught in all 50 states as well as in foreign countries and is in the vast majority of all school systems. Despite its immense popularity, there has been great debate in whether or not the program is successfully maintaining its own goals of preventing the nations’ youth from engaging in substance use/abuse. In this paper, I will present arguments and studies both for and against the program and its effectiveness. This paper will also demonstrate that with all the research that has been examined in the debate over the effectiveness of the D.A.R.E. program, there may be crucial questions that have not yet been addressed that might further reveal D.A.R.E.’s influence on youth. Literature Review The following literature review attempts to demonstrate and support the hypothesis that the D.A.R.E. program is effect ive in combating drug use among the nations’ youth. Ennet et al., (1994) carried out a research to analyze the effectiveness of D.A.R.E program in meta-analysis. ... In two of their studies, there was reliable information on the long-term effects of the program. However, there was no indication D.A.R.E’s effectiveness deters individuals from using drugs even at their adult stage. In illuminating some light on Ennet et al., (1994), (Hansen, et al. 1988) conducted, a study to that aimed at preventing multiple substances among seventh grade students. In their research, two drug abuse prevention curricula tested aimed at determining their efficacy in preventing the onset of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use among adolescents. The first program focused on prevention through social pressure resistance training, while the second featured affective education approaches to prevention. A test on curricula was on seventh grade students. Subjects were pretested just prior to the program and post-tested at 12 and 24 months. Post-test analyses indicated that the social program delivered to seventh grade subjects was effective in delaying the onset of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use. There was no preventive effect of the affective education program was observed. By the final post-test, classrooms that had received the affective program had significantly more drug use than controls. A study conducted in 1991 suggested that two strategies for preventing the onset of alcohol abuse and marijuana and cigarette use were tested in junior high schools in Los Angeles and Orange Counties, California. The first strategy taught skills to refuse substance use offers. The second strategy corrected erroneous normative perceptions about prevalence and acceptability of use among peers and established conservative groups norms regarding use. Four experimental

How does Tesco maintain its lead in the online grocery market Assignment

How does Tesco maintain its lead in the online grocery market - Assignment Example Against this background, this essay seeks to critically evaluate the measures implemented by Tesco in order to maintain its lead in the online grocery market. The paper starts by outlining the historical background of the supermarket chain; this is followed by a detailed analysis of how it harnesses the use of the internet in its operations. Background information about Tesco According to Datamonitor (2004), Tesco PLC is the largest food retailer in the UK and it operates around 2,318 stores worldwide where 1,878 stores are located in the UK. The supermarket chain also operates stores in the rest of Europe and Asia and it is headquartered in Hertfordshire, the UK. The company is comprised of 367,000 employees worldwide (250,000 of them in the UK), sales of more than ?37billion and it has an estimated 30 % of the market share in the grocery industry in the UK. However, Paton (2005) suggests that Tesco now ranges far beyond food, given that it now offers services which include â€Å"b anking, flower delivery, online diets, legal advice, DVD rental and telecoms.† Tesco prides itself in training and retaining talented workers despite criticisms by other sectors of the society. Technological factors Technological development in ICT has immensely contributed to the positive growth of the organisation, especially through the use of the internet. For instance, online shopping has significantly improved the operations of the organisation given that the bulk of its customers can conduct their business in the comfort of their homes. The supermarket chain has fully harnessed the use of the internet in its online grocery market. The supermarket chain is comprised of Tesco.com, a wholly-owned subsidiary offering a complete online service, including tescodirect.com and tesco.net (Datamonitor, 2004). The company is also in a better position to maintain its lead in the online grocery market because it offers a range of online financial services. According to information o btained from (http://www.essaycoursework.com/modelanswer/business/help/pestle/tescos.php, ND), Tesco.com is regarded as the world’s biggest online supermarket and it is believed that it generates sales worth over ?577 million every year. There are different factors that contribute to the success of Tesco’s online business. Specially designed website Through the use of a specially designed website, Tesco is able to appeal to the interests of many customers as possible regardless of their geographical location. It acts as a global store whereby people from all corners of the world can make purchases online which is a great advantage for the organisation. The other reason for its success in online business is that its website has a catalogue of every product offered, which makes it relatively easier for the customers to do online shopping in the comfort of their homes without any hassle. The website is user friendly given that it is easier to navigate in search of differe nt products. Research has shown that there are more than one million households that use the company’s online services across the whole world and this is seen as a competitive advantage to the company since it is better positioned to receive more revenue from its operations (Datamonitor,

Observational Cinema And Forms Of Ethnographic Filmmaking Film Studies Essay

Observational Cinema And Forms Of Ethnographic Filmmaking Film Studies Essay There are many film styles which one can adopt to make an ethnographic film and observational cinema is one of them. Observational cinema includes direct and và ©rità © cinema which developed back in the 1960s. David McDougall was the most enthusiastic critical person when it came to observational cinema and also the most skilled person which used this type of ethnographic filmmaking. There are various implications when it comes to new technologies that anthropologists are still struggling with them till today. If it wasnt for the new technologies anthropologists would find it difficult to sync sound enabled documentaries because they really needed to show interactions in informal settings. Since, it never was possible to do so because an anthropologist needed a studio dramatization with fundamental fictionalization. This shows that there was a shift from the public to the private and also from the general to the particular. In the past, the pre-sync sound documentaries depended on a third-person commentary. The comments were used to contextualize the footage, to deliver the message and to elaborate sophisticated arguments captured by the anthropologist filmmaker. Commentary by the filmmakers was becoming to be seen as an unnecessary obstacle. This happened because when the viewers are watching a documentary with the natives speaking in their own native language, the editor has to cut certain comments and the meaning of the scene tend to be lost. Previous ethnographic films tend to combine the voice of the filmmaker with the voice o the film and also that in turn with voices film-as-text and the subjects in the film (McDougall David, 1998, pg5). Observational films are the most acknowledged from authors of ethnographic films, which hold on the traces of filmmaking in a form of documentary. Moreover, McDougall, points out that the know-how of understanding and viewing these types of observational films, is a very passive one which it shows the scene moving before you can notice it. This shows that the filmmakers view is important and challenging which is usually heard only through a voice. The 1960s and the beginning of the 1970s observational cinema, have given a new start for a style that is based on interviews, intercuts with archival or actuality footage. McDougall during an interview in the Film Teaching and the State of Documentary had used the same harmony sound of the new technology which had lead the way for observational cinema, both the early technology and the new technology are different in their character. When it comes to documentaries which are based on interviews, one notices the earlier style of observational filmmaking, which was going to takeover. Usually, in a standard dialogue, people are usually encouraged to say what they want and do, so that they can reflect what they had really experienced after a phenomenon. On the other hand, observational filmmakers, such as ethnographers, focus more on the life o the natives and how they actually live it, more like participatory observation. The person, who is doing the film, has to be sure that the saying or doing are drifting apart together. Somehow, the phenomenologist forgets that one should reflect on the person living his life rather than interpreting it. If certain scene have been staged for the camera, therefore they are not exactly real, may have similarities to those who act in the real self, but the final result wont be real. Observational cinema is more likely to think about the natives to get on with their own life when they are being observed rather than interrupting from their daily life. This type of filmmaking didnt want people to speak about themselves or to narrate their experiences especially when it is in front of the camera. David and Judith MacDougall influenced the ethnographic filmmaking even though through the years from 1970s onwards it continued to develop. Their films such as the African and the Australian films shows are still popular even today. Before this development in filmmaking, ethnographers didnt use subtitles when it comes to their documentaries, but the MacDougalls have introduced the subtitles in the ethnographic filmmaking rather than being talked over from the voice of the anthropologist. Subtitles had an important influence because the use of subtitles showed that the Non-Westerners, had also their intellectual lives, not as the Westerners used to think. As they used to shoot, MacDougalls still tied the natives to their physical and psychological limited perspectives. The aim of the film ethnographer is to capture the details through camera or photography but the fact that people are influenced by the presence of the ethnographer is rather an implication, therefore the ethnographer should have an aesthetic precision (McDougall David, 1998, pg9). There are various observation documentary films which reveal the real life which belong to a certain importance to journalism. This happens because in every society there is a public and political orientation. Now I will be discussing the implications they encountered during their practices with their new techniques in areas where tradition anthropology is enquired. From the start, David and Judith had their own ideas. They wanted to show the outline of every stage of their practice. The MacDougalls also wanted to show the differences they adopted from that of Jean Rouch, who altered the process of ethnographic exploration into a mystical or shamanistic journey, seeks to subvert the very kind of intellectual reasoning (Grimshaw, Ann, 2009 pg 122). Without any uncertainty, David MacDougalls writing reflects the recent cinematic ethnography development which they tackle realities of every day life of a particular society. Ann Grimshaw calls this technique as the metaphysic (Grimshaw, Ann, 2009 pg 122).. The work of David and Judith MacDougall will remain popular for their new way of observing things. Grimshaw tackles an epistemological perspective, where she argues that when someone questions something about knowledge needs to answer the question to its depth. The MacDougalls works such as films and writings are marked by a drive for clarity (Grimshaw, Ann, 2009 pg 122). Various anthropologists have searched for new methods to make documentary filming so that they can study Western societies. All they had to do was that they had to seek for something that renders things in their natural state, so that the film could make it to a larger audience. The method was that the ethnographer places him self as a filmmaker and therefore he views a certain type of ritual. The advantage of this method is that the ethnographers divided their methodological lines and observed while they also found the time to interact with the agency involved. On the other hand, Rouchs followers which are usually English speaking found it difficult to interact with the people of that particular society, unless an interview. Anthropologists by time started to adopt this observational filmmaking approach. The difference between certain other methods and this approach is that other methods tell very little to the audience and everyone can deduct his or her own story from the pictures seen. Films such as observational cinema involve people which they seem to be the owners of the wealth and effort of human experience (McDougall David, 1998, pg129). As a sort of implication the participants was seen as the co-conspirator in the filmmaking for not leaving the filmmaker out from his / her own film. This shows that the filmmaker gives much importance to the natives of the country rather than interrupting him/her self. When an anthropologist starts his or her research first s/he has to interact and then be accepted as part of that group. But when it comes to an anthropologist using the filming method, this builds a wall between the anthropologist and the natives because the anthropologist finds it difficult for him/her to show him / her self with the natives while being filmed unless there is someone else filming. Filmmaking doesnt leave much room for energy because all the energy is drained out with the camera so that the anthropologist can have an excellent result. This may lead for the anthropologist to reduce his or her participation with that society and therefore it is difficult for an anthropologist to recall whatever s/he has captured if not participated. Ethnographers are more likely to study non-Western Societies, which are very delicate to tackle and to study. The weakness of this situation is that since these societies are very weak, the ethnographer when it comes to film making should make him/herself as the recording instrument of history, which the pressure is on the ethnographer to weigh down the efforts to pursue more specific lines of inquiry (McDougall David, 1998, pg130). The situation leads the ethnographer to impersonate. Even though we, as spectators, are viewing people through the finalized film, as if they do not maintain anything on us, it is still up to us to understand whatever they mean by the things or rituals they make. Our situation combines a sense of immediacy with an absolute separation (McDougall David, 1998, pg130). With this observational method, the filmmaker is more likely to understand the meaning through a film or a picture rather than by understanding the meaning of the ritual by involving him / hers elf into the setting. The filmmaker became more of an eye of the audience, frozen into their passivity unable to bridge the separation between themselves and their subject (McDougall David, 1998, pg131). Films rather than tackling the abstract are more enthusiastic to tackle the specific, is deemed to be incompetent of serious intellectual expression. There are more than enough ethnographic films around which contains a doubtful interpretation, with a justification as a conclusion. Finally, Evans Pritchard also made a critique to Malinowski, where he stated that the themes are more than a descriptive synthesis of events. It is not a theoretical integrationthere is consequently no real standard of relevance, since every thing has a time and space relationship in cultural reality to explain everything else and from what ever point one starts on spreads oneself over the same ground (McDougall David, 1998, pg131). What Pritchard wanted to say was that it takes more from a descriptive observation to understand a situation; it takes to involve one self to understand what the meaning behind every situation is.

Euthanasia Essay: Eugenics To Euthanasia :: Free Euthanasia Essay

Eugenics To Euthanasia      Ã‚   This essay presents the appeal which euthanasia has to modern society. What is this appeal based on? Is it a valid appeal? These and other questions are addressed in this paper.    See if this story sounds familiar: A happily married couple - she is a pianist; he a rising scientist - have their love suddenly tested by a decline in the wife's health. Diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, she falls victim to a steady loss of muscle control and paralysis. The desperate husband uses all his professional skills to save her. But ultimately he must watch her deteriorate in hideous pain. The wife worries that she will soon no longer be "a person anymore - just a lump of flesh - and a torture" for her husband. She begs her husband to kill her before that happens. And eventually, worn down, the reluctant husband releases his wife from her misery with poison.    The husband is indicted for murder. But the understanding judge and jury soon agree that, given the circumstances, the husband is not a killer, and the law needs to be reformed. Meanwhile, in impassioned public comments, the husband attacks "the proponents of outmoded beliefs and antiquated laws" who inflict unnecessary anguish on the terminally ill, "who suffer without hope and whose death would be deliverance for them."    The story fits comfortably with today's medical headlines. It could easily be a 20/20 segment or a page from Jack Kevorkian's latest trial. But it comes from another era. Produced in 1941, it's the plot line of I Accuse, one of the Third Reich's most effective propaganda films. I Accuse was created for one reason only: to advance the Nazi campaign of euthanasia for the mentally and physically handicapped, "antisocial elements," and the terminally ill. And it worked. It was a big box-office success. It's also the classic example of how compassion can be manipulated to justify mass killing - first in the name of mercy, then in the name of cost and utility.    Obviously, America today is not Germany in 1941. Americans have a practical sense of justice that favors the weak and the little guy. But if we want to keep it that way, we shouldn't assume that merely knowing about a past tragedy prevents us from repeating it. We need to learn from history. And

Certified General Accountant Essay

As a Certified General Accountant (CGA), ethics are a fundamental requirement. CGAs affect the welfare of their clients and also the wider stakeholder-society. It is crucial to work in accordance with the six CGA Canada Code of Ethical Principles. Fraud and negligence do occur however and they have negative implications on the professional, the client, the professional body, and society as a whole. For example, in the case of Kelley Lynch, she was trusted by her client, Leonard Cohen, to work responsibly as his business manager (Malemed). Unfortunately, her activities can be analyzed to demonstrate how she failed to act responsibly and directly violated three ethical principles. Lynch violated the ethical principle of Trust and Duties. As a professional accountant, Lynch failed to honour the trust that her client bestowed upon her and used her privileged position as business manager to cater to her own needs. For example, Lynch conspired with Richard Westin to hire him as Cohen’s tax lawyer in order to cater to her self-interest With Westin’s help, they devised a complex corporate structure as a vehicle for retirement savings. Taking advantage of her privilege to access Cohen’s finances, she stole over $50 million. Another key violation is that she failed to remain independent in mind and appearance, as she was once in a personal relationship with Cohen (Malemed). * * Lynch also violated the principle of Responsibilities to Society. She failed to uphold to responsibilities to society, which include acting with trustworthiness, integrity and objectivity. She failed to display these characteristics in her own actions and in her dealings with her colleague, Westin, while serving her client. For example, Lynch is entitled to 15% management compensation, however she broke Cohen’s trust by stealing more than $5 million of his savings, which is greater than her defined compensation amount. She failed to act with integrity and objectivity, when her client took time off from his career. She used this opportunity to receive more royalties through the scheme that Westin helped to develop (Malemed). * * Lynch also directly violated the principle of Deceptive Information. As a professional accountant, Lynch failed to not be associated with information that is false or misleading. With Westin’s help, Lynch pretended to sell Cohen’s music-publishing company and royalty for $12 million. Lynch falsely stated to Cohen that the money from the sale would go to a company owned by his children, but instead it went to a company almost owned entirely by Lynch (Malemed). * * In conclusion, Lynch failed to act responsibly with handling the finances of her client, Cohen and directly violated at least three of the six ethical principles. This is just one incident of fraud and negligence that has occurred in professional accounting bodies. Therefore, to maintain the integrity and respect of the CGA profession, it is crucial that members always act in accordance with the CGA Canada Code of Ethical Principles.

Free Essays on The Old Man And The Great DiMaggio

both are physically impaired yet never give up their passion for their craft. To further illustrate Santiago’s considerable respect for and connection with DiMaggio; he often wonders what â€Å"the great DiMaggio† would think of Santiago as illustrated when he kills the first shark. DiMaggio is never mentioned again after Santiago has been defeated by the sharks, demonstrating Santiago’s acknowledgement that he has failed in his life. The manner in which Hemingway compares Santiago and DiMaggio is a brilliant execution of metaphor. As Santiago is the great fisherman, strong, capable, and full of life, so too is Joe DiMaggio the great ballplayer, son of a fisherman, who like Santiago is a symbol of resilience and courage.... Free Essays on The Old Man And The Great DiMaggio Free Essays on The Old Man And The Great DiMaggio The Old Man and the Great DiMaggio In Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea, Santiago is an old fisherman who lives in a small village near Havana, Cuba. His entire life revolves around three things: fishing, a young boy, Manolin, who is his only friend, and American baseball. Santiago is fascinated by American baseball and with Joe DiMaggio in particular. Each evening he and Manolin go over the daily newspapers to review the latest news about the New York Yankees. Santiago has great respect for Joe DiMaggio. In fact, it appears that DiMaggio is Santiago’s â€Å"hero†. When one stops to consider the relationship between Santiago and DiMaggio it becomes apparent that DiMaggio is a symbol for Santiago’s inner strength and great passion for living. Although Santiago is old and weathered, he still has a fighting spirit as exemplified in his three days at sea and his struggle with the great fish whereas DiMaggio has a physical injury in his left heel that hindered his baseball career for one seas on only to make a glorious comeback the next season. In other words both are physically impaired yet never give up their passion for their craft. To further illustrate Santiago’s considerable respect for and connection with DiMaggio; he often wonders what â€Å"the great DiMaggio† would think of Santiago as illustrated when he kills the first shark. DiMaggio is never mentioned again after Santiago has been defeated by the sharks, demonstrating Santiago’s acknowledgement that he has failed in his life. The manner in which Hemingway compares Santiago and DiMaggio is a brilliant execution of metaphor. As Santiago is the great fisherman, strong, capable, and full of life, so too is Joe DiMaggio the great ballplayer, son of a fisherman, who like Santiago is a symbol of resilience and courage....

Beauty Pageants Essay Example

Beauty Pageants Essay Example Beauty Pageants Paper Beauty Pageants Paper Growing up as a little girl, I remember fantasizing myself as a princess. I would spend hours undergoing a fairly god mother transformation. I would put on fake nails, heels, makeup, and put a sparkly dress on. I felt like the world was my kingdom. My mother would look at me and Just smile and tell me that I was the most beautiful girl In the world. The encouragement my mother gave me as a young child helped me out with my self-esteem. As I grew up I realized that fantasizing myself to a fictional hearted would have to end, I grew out of wanting to be a perfect Barbie and learned that we all have imperfections that make us unique. Unfortunately, thats not the case with a lot of young girls; some of the young girls are put into child pageants to keep on dreaming of becoming a princess or becoming the new next top model. But are the beauty pageants helping the children keep living there childhood dream or Is It Just holding them back from reality? As the competition gets tougher, the crowns get bigger. With a new generation of spoiled undisciplined kids and parents hat will go to the extremes to do anything for their child to look and feel beautiful. Paul Peterson, the president and founder of A Minor Consideration feels that beauty pageants sexuality young girls rather than help them built self-esteem. This is feeding the sex industry; there is a tremendous trade within Juvenile modeling. Many others agree with Peterson, like the French government. The French government Is trying to ban beauty pageants for young girls because they also believe that they promote hyper-exultations and harms the child. Karri Klein Ritter for the Los Angles Times, believes that there is more harmful things for a child then a beauty pageant and disagrees with the French for trying to ban beauty pageants. Are there no greater threats to the children and women of France than a few silly pageants? Child beauty contestant mother and owner of Universal Royalty and Baby Beauty Pageants, Annette Hill believe that beauty pageants are an opportunity for their child to play Cinderella and participate In an extra curriculum activity. In todays world the children industry is the fastest-growing segment in the beauty agent market, the pageant industry is drawing an estimated 3 million children, mostly girls, ranging from six months to 16 years of age who are competing to win a crown and money. Is alleged to believe, that once the child begins to participate in the pageants they start to become accustomed to the lifestyle and some of the kids are Just In It because of the attention It brings them or because theyre being forced by their parents. Childhood behavioral health psychologist Dry. Mike Bishop believes that participating in pageants in such a young age could damage their self-esteem. Toddlers are not old enough to make an informed decision as to whether they should compete. Nor are they able to separate the completion from reality, which can make participation even more damaging to their self-esteem. (McKay, 1) When a Natural pageants allow the child to wear makeup, but it has to be toned down and their clothing is not allowed to be flashy nor to low-cut or short. The purpose of the natural pageant is to have the children look like their age and let their personality charm the Judges. But, considering that most children like playing dress up, and are giggly influence by fictional characters and the media, they usually will choose glitz pageants. Once they have entered the pageant they have to pay a pageant they have to pay an entry fee ranging from $10 to $200 depending on the pageant (Somerville, 2). Besides the obligated fee the parents still have to consider the expenses of travel, makeup, hair extensions, nails, and flippers. The overall goal for the contestants is to compete and hopefully win the title of ultimate grand supreme. The ultimate grand supreme winner is usually the contestant who WOWs the Judges with their props, performance, and costumes. Parents could spend enough to finance their kids college tuition. One mother tells a researcher: l know people who spent so much on pageants, they lost their trailers (Crime,l). That is not always the case; some parents are cleverer about putting their child in a pageant without going over budget. People who have lower-incomes tend to participate in events with low entry fees. Sociologist Hillary Level concluded in a study, that mothers of lower-income and education enter their children in pageants because they want their children to learn the proper skills necessary to move up the social scale. Parents with higher incomes and education beyond high school often Justify pageants by explaining that competition is essential for their children to become successful. With all the makeup, eyelash extensions, flippers and tanning when do the parents step in and realized that they are equalizing their child? Historically and legally, our system defers to parents to make the right decision for their child, commented sociologist Hilary Level Friedman, after finding out the French Senate has approved a bill that proposes Jail time and a fine for parents and organizations that sponsors or encourages anyone 16 and under to participate in a pageant. In the United States they have no laws on how a pageant must be managed, beauty pageants are allowed to come up with their own guidelines for their participants. Fair Labor standards act. 938 does not take place in any pageants because the children are not considered to be working although, the children earn money and prizes for their performance, and practice for hours per week Due to the definition of child pageants not being defined as work, there are no laws in place nationally to protect these young children from exploitation. (Gunter, 1) Many child psychologists feel hat the pageants are more for the fulfillment of the parents rather than the happiness and healthy development of their children. Its not odd for parents to try and live out their dream through their kids. Parents of pageant children disagree, and feel that pageants help their kids gain confidence in front of large crowds and give them poise rather than hurt their self-esteem. Pageants do benefit some children, not all children will win pageants, or want to compete in them. One can only imagine the stress the children go through while participating in a beauty pageant, which focuses on their looks. The children could grow-into being self- conscious about their weight and start to develop disorders, and develop social phobia if they dont feel they are pretty enough, or even adapt intolerable attitudes in a serious situation. William Pinions, a clinical psychologist and president of the Family Institute at Northwestern University said, Being a little Barbie doll says your body has to be a certain way and your hair has to be a certain way. In girls particularly, this can unleash a whole complex of destructive self-experiences that can lead to eating disorders and all kinds of body distortions in terms of body mage. Traveling, stress and competition are everyday features of an adults life. Since the number of children that are becoming victims of heinous crimes is rapidly growing, it doesnt help that the parents are parading their child to go around on- stage in outfits that are sometimes as little as Daisy Duke shorts and a belly shirt. (Gunter, 1) The provocative outfits the parents are putting on the child could provoke a sex offender to gain interest in the child which could lead to the sex offender posing as an agent/ manager and stalk the child down through the show. The scandal that happened with Jon Bent Ramsey is a situation that could happen to any of these kids. Ramsey was a beauty queen in training; she was six years old when she was brutally beaten and killed in her basement. Images of her looking like a painted baby, a sexualities toddler beauty queen (Beardsley, 1) were broadcasted into the homes of many Americans. This brought attention and negative reaction towards child beauty pageants and how it sexualities children. Ramsets life and death seemed to illustrate all too well the consequences of parental manipulation and child exploitation. (Time, 7) A lot of parents way of thinking about beauty pageants is to see it as any other sport that children play in. They practice Just like any other sports; they travel with their team, and compete to win prizes. Preparing for pageants usually require a lot of commitment, time and patience from the child. Unfortunately, not all kids are trill to sit still for a long period and fatherless have to practice for hours. On the hit TV show Toddlers and Tiaras the viewers are allowed to see the preparation the children and the parents go through while preparing for the pageant. Usually in the show the viewer watches some of the children become antsy and watch them throw temper tantrums if they become upset or want to play instead of practicing. TODAY contributor Render Dawn interviewed Tom Organ, Doodlers Tiaras producer he asked Organ about a past incident that happened on the show that had a lot of viewers talking, when a mother decided to wax her 5 year old daughter eyebrows. The question followed with But didnt it make you uncomfortable, or make you wonder if you should include it in the show? Dawn asked Organ. Organs replied to the incident with this statement, Weve all seen wings that are sometimes a little difficult to watch when it comes to how parents relate to their kids. You can see a parent who is doing something that is making their child cry or unhappy that the parent think is the best thing for them ? making them brush their teeth, or telling them to go to bed. (Dawn, 1) There are viewers who view the show as cruel and unusual; and feel that the pageants could be defined as child abuse. The critics of Toddlers Tiaras believe that the parents are objectifying their child to desire a glamorous life and believe that the only way to succeed in life s by their looks. Dry. Nancy Irwin, a Los Angles-based psychotherapist, feels that the parents should not be placed as the worst parents because they dont physically abuse their child. These parents run a close second, however, as they are selfish Beauty. (McKay, 1) Saba Johnson has been competing in pageants since she was four years old. Johnson has been awarded three hundred trophies throughout her pageant career; Saba aspires to land a major modeling contract. Johnson and her mother were interviewed by AE network she kept looking over at her mom for reassurance of her thoughts. She never mentioned coming education; she solely relied on her appearance for her future (Nassau, 2). If the child is focusing more on their looks rather than outshining in other areas that require using their brain, what will these children be able to accomplish. As one argument was made, in Parents of Children on Talcs Toddlers in Tiaras Hurting Their Kids childhood behavioral health psychologist Dry. Mike Bishop said, Toddlers are not old enough to make an informed decision as to whether they should compete. Nor are they able to separate the competition from reality, which can make participation even more imaging to their self-esteem. parents play an important role in their childrens success. We are thought in an early stage that looks dont matter, but whats in the inside does. The world is not a fairytale, but if you work hard and set a goal, anybody can accomplish their dream. Theres nothing wrong with being a kid and dressing up, but they should be able to play pretend without a skit. Children should be able to enjoy their youth and not be obligated to grow up so early. If the parent is going to register their child in beauty pageants they should always consider the well-being of heir child. Child beauty pageants become the hot topic of conversation when the parents become out of control and will go to the extreme to make sure that their child wins these pageants; even if it is getting their child false teeth, tans, sexy cloths and covering them in tons of makeup. These type of parents usually will get caught up in winning that they will not notice how their actions affects the child and could possibly put the child in harms way. Children now a days are in such a rush to grow up and interpreted the characters that are shown in TV, it doesnt help that the arenas are teaching the child to use their looks in a provocative way that could trigger a sexual predator. Even though these contests allow the chance for these children to earn money for their education it comes at the cost of their pride, they become objectified. Its hard to choose a side on this issue because the pros and cons weigh about the same.

Freedom Rider Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Freedom Rider - Essay Example It may be that we are in poverty- after all, we were once slaves. Our ancestors left us with no riches to inherit and no lands to claim but their legacy remains skin deep: our freedom to voice out what we feel and think. This legacy has been brought about by the history of our people who have been burdened by issues such as slavery and persecution and yet we have chosen to rise from our conditions. Our history has made us strong and persevering in the face of obstacles and in times of crises. All these we inherited from our ancestors and with all these attributes that I have called into mind, I ask you not to fear for my life in my participation of the freedom rides. Like our ancestors, I am strong, I will persevere, I shall rise above our prejudiced conditions, for the main reason that I want to voice out what I feel and think is right. Being a â€Å"freedom rider† is a paradox of some sort. As you might know already, we will be riding interstate buses into the segregated southern United States. I assure you that we’re not riding with the flow of current events, that is, were not just riding on the issue about segregation in the south just to get mileage. Instead, what we really aim to do is to challenge the status quo of having racially segregated waiting rooms and terminals. Though we know that we face arrest by authorities and possible attacks from mobs, we choose to fight back with non-violence and willful determination. We choose not just to go above our social conditions such as racial bias and injustice, but we choose to be above those who have fought with much bloodshed and violence, precisely because we have freedom. We are free to choose our goals and our means to achieve those goals, and we choose to be peaceful just like many who have come before us. This is a learning experience for me as it is a learning experience for our society. Our very ways will show society that the end doesn’t necessarily justify the means. On my part, I hope to realize

METFORMIN Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

METFORMIN - Research Paper Example But the widest indication of the drug is for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The drug is given to control the blood glucose levels of patients in the normal range so that the proper bodily functions are retained and the problems of the nervous system; cardiovascular system and the renal system are avoided in the diabetic patients. The drug has an added benefit since it has been proved that the drug does not result in reduction of the blood glucose level below normal and the patient does not experience episodes of hypoglycemia. It also does not lead to increased weight in the patient who takes this drug. This is the reason that it is preferably prescribed to the diabetic patients. The drug works via various mechanisms which include increasing the sensitivity of the cells towards their response to insulin by increasing the uptake of glucose by the cells. It further promotes the intracellular metabolism of the glucose as well. Furthermore, it leads to a reduction in the amount of hepa tic glucose as well as renal glucose that is released into the bloodstream by means of reducing the amount of its production in these organs. In a similar manner, it also reduces the absorption of glucose from the intestines. The main side effects of the drug include gastrointestinal problems. These include diarrhea, vomiting, nausea as well as feeling of uneasiness in the abdomen. It has also been proven that metformin causes a decrease in the absorption of vitamin B12 by the intestine and hence it can lead to reduction in its levels. The gastrointestinal symptoms generally subside. Thus, it has been seen that the drug does not lead to very serious side effects.

Business Research Methods Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Research Methods - Term Paper Example From the paper the most obvious weakness of the questionnaire is the lack to give a brief description of the purpose of the research, there is need to include a brief description to the respondents on what the research is aimed at finding out. The other problem with the questionnaire is that the questions are not logically set, there is a need to set the questions in a logical manner and opt to mix them up. This is achieved by grouping questions that tend to get some information together and arranging the questions from simple questions to the more complex question. The format of the questions in the questionnaire is mixed up and does not follow this rule. The other crucial information missing from this questionnaire is the information on confidentiality, there is need to add a note on the extent to which ethical issues on confidentiality will be observed, this will ensure that the respondents don't give biased information as a result of fear of exposure of information. Therefore there is a need to give a statement that tells the respondent about the level of confidentiality. Descriptions on where to return the complete questionnaire are also missing, there is need to clearly explain where to return the form and also advice the respondent to completely fill out all the questions because a questionnaire that is not fully filled is always discarded. The other drawback with the questionnaire is that there are two questions in one question, this is evident from the use of the word "and" in the questions, a research question in a questionnaire should not contain two question and thi9s is avoided by not using and in the question, this is evident from question 15 and 7, the problem with the two questions is that the respondent is not sure which question to answer and this leads to biases in responses given.  Ã‚  

Evaluating Compliance Strategies Essay Example for Free

Evaluating Compliance Strategies Essay The compliance process is very important in medical billing and coding. After a patient is seen, physicians document the patients visit. Medical administrators then post the medical codes of the visit in the practice management program (PMP) and prepare the claim. It is important to prepare claims correctly in order to stay in compliance. A correct claim connects a billed service to a diagnosis. The diagnosis has to relate to the billed service to treat the patients ailment. The connection is referred to as code linkage. It is important to correctly link procedures and diagnosis because if they arent correctly link the payer will reject the claim and will not pay for the services which then makes the patient responsible for payment. To be in compliance, medical insurance specialists need to know each payers billing rules stated in each insurance policy. These are subject to change and updated frequently so medical insurance specialists also use payer bulletins, websites, and maintain communication with payer representatives to make sure they are staying in compliance. Medicare also has its own set of rules and regulations. The Medicare National correct coding initiative (CCI) controls improper coding. CCI edits are used by computers to check claims for errors that would lead to improper payment of services. The CCI prevents two procedures from being billed that could not have been performed together. Private payers also have code edits similar to the CCI. Compliance errors sometimes occur. Submitting an improper claim may just be a simple mistake such as a typo, or sometimes it may be a deliberate act of fraud. Other common errors that are sometimes made are truncated coding, incorrect gender or age of the patient, assumption coding, altering documentation, coding without proper documentation, reporting services provided by unlicensed providers, and coding a unilateral service twice instead of choosing the bilateral code. For these reasons there are several billing and coding compliance strategies that have been put in place. One compliance strategy used by healthcare professionals is to carefully define bundled code and know global periods. A medical insurance specialist needs to be clear on what individual procedures are contained in bundled codes and what the global periods are for surgical procedures. Another strategy is to benchmark the practices E/M codes with national average. By comparing the practice reports with national averages, upcoding is able to be monitored. Another strategy is to use modifiers appropriately, and be clear on professional courtesy and discounts to uninsured and low income patients. The strategy that I find the most useful and am in support of is to maintain compliant job reference aids and documentation templates. Job reference aids are a form of a cheat sheet that lists procedures and CPT codes that are most often used by each individual practice. I think that the only way this strategy can be improved is to make sure that the job reference aids are updated frequently when new services are added to the practice, and when codes change or new ones are added. This can be accomplished by keeping track of when codes are updated or changed. There are many implications of incorrect medical coding. An improper claim will get rejected or denied by the payer. When this happens the physician will need to either file an appeal, or correct the issue. If the error can be corrected the claim can be resubmitted, however this is still unfortunate because the process will take longer than if it had been done right in the first place. When coding errors are made due to fraudulent attempts, the person who prepared the claim will lose their job and face legal action. Also, sometimes the physician in charge of the practice will be liable and possibly sued, because he/she is responsible for their employees and their actions. Medical coding, physician, and payer fees are all related to the compliance process. Any services performed by a physician will need to be correctly coded so that they can be paid for. Medical coding must be done properly in order to stay in compliance. Physicians must be honest and provide proper documentation of any and all services performed in order for an insurance company to accept a claim and pay for the services that were performed. As long as everyone works as a team, and works in honesty, it is easy to stay in compliance. And by using the strategies I have outlined, compliance is not difficult to follow.

Strategies for Policy Formation

Strategies for Policy Formation Loui Rhey C. Irang Problem Identification In order to truly understand the development of the policy, problem should be identified. In the setting of policy analysis, the idea of problem definition has long been introduced as the most critical and demanding task fronting the experts. The ÂÅ ½ first concern of problem definition is acknowledgement that problems do not exist in the workplace. The second concern suggests that definitions of problems in the setting of practice must meet the standards of feasibility and worth for improvement thus policy analysis is explained as identifying and shaping problems worth solving. Agenda setting considers policy change as a way to policymakers changing their inclination based on observation and needs of improvement and policies to be discontinued also are observed from time to time. Political model tend to discuss policy development as the product of changes in the arrangement of main interests. It states that somewhat the implied understanding that policy improvements are the product of the combination between power and ideas and adapting their objective to new circumstances. Learning is part of the policy making process in a way that policy assessment follows implementation and leads to correction and termination. Policy formation The definitive policy that is selected to resolve a certain issue at hand is reliant on two influences. First, the policy must be a legal way of solving the certain issues in the most effective and feasible way probable. Efficient formulation involves investigation and identification of alternative ways to solving issues. Secondly, policies need to be politically feasible so in other words policy should be plausible. Acceptable formulation must come in a political part that involves the approval of policies by genuine decision makers. This is typically accomplished through standard building in a negotiating or bargaining process. Policy formulation therefore is, composed of investigation that recognizes the most acceptable and effective policies and political agreement. Adoption After formulation of policies, it should have to be adopted by significant organisations of government in directive to be put it into effect. Adoption can be influenced by the similar issues that affect what factors move into the earlier point of agenda building. For example, policies that address the improved situations crises often carried on and can often be adopted immediately. Temporarily, influential interest organisations can use their political impact to regulate what policies are to be adopted. The media also plays an important key role in adaption of policy. When journalism and reporting are balanced, it can deliver an opportunity where discussion over numerous cases for policy adoption comes into place. When the media shows a favourable preference, it can improve a policy proposals chance of adoption. And on the other hand, an unfavourable media preference may weaken a policy proposal. Policy Implementation The next step after putting policy adoption into effect is the implementation of the policy. Effective implementation is dependent on three elements: First, policies must be approved by the government and local government officials to the proper assistance within the government administration. Therefore, a policy intended to impose traffic safety by limiting on the quantity of drunk drivers would be first submitted to law enforcement officials for approval then for implementation. If there is no present agency that has the abilities to carry out a certain policy, new agencies must be recognized and operated. The second element vital to efficient implementation of policy is a clear interpretation. Legislative objective must be expounded into operational rules and guidelines. Vagueness in this period can lead to participation by the judiciary that will lead the legislators to explain their conclusions and worth for policy implementation. Judiciary may override the policies’ implementation where legislative commitment cannot be effectively rendered into appropriate operating guidelines and rules The final element required in effective implementation of policy is difficult to accomplish. The commitment of resources under the first element must be combined with coordination of the policy to implement the policy with on-going operations. A new edge or agency must not cause extreme competition or disagreement with current agencies. Policy implementation should be on great deal of direction to avoid further complication when policies are being submitted to the agencies. Policy formulation is frequently the result of cooperation and representative use of politics. Implementation executes a large amount of both decision and confusion in initiatives or agencies that implement policies. Bureaucracy should be competent enough to help in the policy implementation process. Policy Evaluation The last policy process is policy evaluation. Policy evaluation can happen at different times. Organisation Administrators pursuing to develop operations may assess policies as they are in implementation. Policies can be further evaluated to understand their overall effectiveness after policies have been implemented. There are many ways policies may be evaluated but they can be often not evaluated at all. Scientific and formal research consume a lot of time, costly and complicated to design and to implement. Policy evaluation also tends to be contaminated with unfairness unlike more informal evaluations concentrated on stories and feedbacks are more manageable. 2. Workplace As a healthcare professional I might advocate to influence policies with regards to workplace culture. Workplace culture is centred on the shared attitudes and values including belief towards work outlooks within the organisation and business. It is important to give respect to organisation and workforce culture. It is vital to develop a workplace culture that redirects organisation’s own values as the administrator or business owner. It is why in this case hiring the right staff is such an important element in the on-going success of the business. Setting out clear lines of communication is important as you introduce policies to the business or organisation, it is significant to set out a plan for communication ensuring each new policy is presented and introduced to the workforce in the similar way. It’s also significant to take note that communication comes in two ways as both the owner and the management workforce should encourage the staffs to share their input to t he process. Best ideas sometimes come from staff who usually facing customers Government and professional organisation As number of aged people is constantly increasing in the country, it is important for the Government to allocate enough funding to healthcare facilities that will address needs in the Aged care. As a healthcare professional, I will advocate these needs through convincing professional organisation for the Aged, who are recognized by the government, to promote this advocacy to the government. Professional organisations for aged care may have the proficient knowledge of the issue in promoting the idea of government funding as their organisation or group is related to the healthcare promotion trying to rise. They can direct the point right way to the legislators. Community Volunteering in a local community can be tempting to think that national policy creates slight difference to what people do. As a healthcare professional, I would like to advocate to the homicides connecting mental disability. It is safe to the country to be free from discrimination and crime rates. In terms of discrimination, mentally ill individuals should have fair and therapeutic way of treatment. In terms of crime rate, government should implement strict policy in thorough assessment of mentally ill individuals. Further research in diagnosing, assessing and treating should be done. In this case, mentally ill individual will not be released in the mental health services if not properly rehabilitated and treated. Follow-up observation after discharge should be included in the policy. In this case, crime rates relating mental illness will decrease. 3. A. Garbage can model The garbage can model, talking about the uncharted field of organizational chaos which is categorized by problematic preference, technology that is not clear and fluid participation, tried to develop organizational decision theory. The theoretical development of the garbage can model is it disconnects organisational problems, decision makers and solutions from each other, unlike the traditional decision theory. Definite decisions do not entail a methodical process from problem to resolution, but are results of numerous reasonably independent streams of measures within the organization. Political Bargaining model The political bargaining model sees organisations as screaming and alive political arenas that involve a multifaceted variety of entities and interest groups. An organisation is considered as an association of dissimilar interest, it sees the organisation as having conflicting and multiple goals which change as the balance of changes in power. In this system, decisions and outcomes are the product of the bargaining behaviour. Interest groups and individuals come in into bargaining circumstances in a way to affect decision making and goals in the system. Bargaining is continued as long as they believe that they will get benefit from resuming on participating in the process. Individuals not need to settle on values and goals. Bargaining is only they agreed on. B. Structured Decisions Structured Decision Making is an organized method to recognizing and assessing resourceful options and building selections in complex decision circumstances. SDM is planned to bring understanding to decision or judgment makers about how well their goal and objectives may be contented by probable substitute courses of action. It more focuses and helps find ‘win-win’ resolutions across groups, illuminates the complicated interchanges that are present and may exist between different potential sequences of action and aids to communicate how individuals perspective on these various options. Key Ideas includes Structured Decision Making uses laborious methods established in the decision and healthcare sciences. Structured Decision Making is predominantly useful for decisions concerning the combination of technical investigation with value-based discussions. Structured Decision Making has been amended for spot decisions and is accommodating for assisting multiple disciplinary stakeholder involvement and technical planning. Unstructured decisions The unstructured decisions are the unexpected and non-programmed decisions that are happening for the first time for example, dealing with a labour strike in the company. At the other finale of the range are unstructured decisions. Unstructured decision may have the same mechanisms as structured decision components like process, data, and evaluation. There is little agreement on their nature. Unstructured decisions, for instance, each decision maker may use dissimilar processes and data to grasp an assumption. The organization qualified to evaluate the decision may only have a limited number of people because of the nature of the decision. It is therefore concluded that unstructured decisions are prepared through instances in which all components of the organisation’s business environment customer, competitor response expectations, cost of obtaining raw materials and others are not totally assumed. Unstructured decision systems usually focus on the persons who or the group that will mark the decision and judgement. These decision makers are typically trusted with decisions that are unstructured because of their expertise and experience; it is their distinct ability that is of worth. Strategic decisions Chosen substitute that influence significant factors which conclude the achievement of an organizations decision strategy. To compare it, a strategic decision influence the daily implementation of steps required to reach the goals of a strategy. Strategic decisions are those which influence the long term presentation of the business and which are directly related to its purposes and objectives. They are commonly taken at the uppermost levels of management and bring higher levels of risk. The advantage However, effective strategic decisions bring high levels of reward. Operational decisions Operational decisions happen and take place on a day to day basis and are made in perspective or view of the risk to the organisation business. More often these decisions are in nature administrative in a way and can be done and implemented rapidly and tend to bring tiny risk. Talking about an organisation that all employees at different level yield and do operational decisions daily, an instance might be when to arrange and re-order a specific thing of stock and another could be to define number of how many operative staff will be compulsory to complete a certain task. Operational administrative decisions scale may be small, but are however still important selections that individuals have to make to achieve their roles. As other employees are working in an open culture, where there is also discussion of information and communal trust, they sense empowerment to take and do decisions. This sense and feeling of empowerment mean that the organisation paybacks from speed nature of decision or judgement. Open lines of communication inspire coming in and free flow of accurate and reliable information. These things lead to better together, learned decision-making at all levels. Reference Electronic Source: Boundless. â€Å"Policy Formulation.† Boundless Political Science. Boundless, 03 Jul. 2014. Retrieved 18 Nov. 2014 from https://www.boundless.com/political-science/textbooks/boundless-political-science-textbook/domestic-policy-15/policy-making-process-95/policy-formulation-514-6174/ http://www.hdc.org.nz/media/200416/factsheet%20two%20-%20homicide%20and%20mental%20illness.pdf http://businesscasestudies.co.uk/npower/developing-people-through-decision-making/operational-decisions.html#ixzz3JY2SdiiC