Florence Nightingale’s Nursing Philosophy

The nursing calling today is being perceived everywhere throughout the world because of the ongoing increment popular for nursing experts and parental figures. Today, an ever increasing number of understudies are urged to take and seek after a nursing degree in school because of the open doors anticipating them in the clinical fieldâ€an opportunity which was started and begun some time in the past by a parental figure and human services supplier by the name of Florence Nightingale. Since Nightingale’s foundation of a solid nursing theory, the nursing practice was never the equivalent. Nightingale’s see on medicinal services was shortsighted yet all encompassing. She accepted that attendants are brought into the world with a given obligation on their shoulders to give sympathetic and touchy guide magnanimously to the debilitated, to do anything inside their capacity to mitigate the agonies and sickness of the patients, and to help the expert specialists as well as could be expected (Kleiman). During Nightingale’s time, the ladies were encountering extraordinary separation under the legislature of Great Britain. The legislature stifled the ladies and denied them to contribute in any capacity to the undertakings of the state. Therefore, this pushed Nightingale to battle for her perspective as a medicinal services supplier and demonstrate the ladies nurse’s worth (Bruner). She was extremely solid and firm on her standard which includes giving social insurance sacrificially paying little mind to sexual orientation, with touchy thought to the evil and the destitute. This humanistic way of thinking is the thing that guided Florence Nightingale to push through the now settled way of thinking of nursing and care giving which has been forever represented by her, holding a lit light which ignites the expectations of the evil. Along these lines, Nightingale’s reasoning is genuinely a motivation. It remains as an update for me to remain modest and concentrated on my future duties as a medical attendant. It additionally helps me to remember the significance of giving human services without inclinations and reservationâ€anyone who looks for clinical assistance is a patient that specialists and medical caretakers ought to take care of.

A Novel IS Fiction

A Novel IS Fiction A Novel IS Fiction A Novel IS Fiction By Maeve Maddox Ive saw that a few people talk about fiction books. An epic IS fiction. One can discuss composing a novel OR about composing fiction. To consolidate the two is to wear a belt with suspenders. (Another case of hesitance to let the word accomplish the work.) Recorded as a hard copy terms, fiction is any non-authentic account structure. It might be short or long. It might contain chronicled or logical realities, and it might depict characters named for recorded personages, however the discussions and treatment of occasions are comprehended to have been made up by the creator. Fiction might be written in different lengths. Here are a few rules. A short story is an anecdotal account of no longer than 20,000 words and no shorter than 1,000. Most short stories run somewhere in the range of 3,000 and 10,000 words with the goal that they might be perused at a solitary sitting. A novelette is an anecdotal story of from 7,500 to 17,500 words long. A novella is an anecdotal story somewhere in the range of 17,500 and 40,000 words. An ongoing craze called streak fiction worries about the composition of incredibly short stories. Individuals differ regarding the length of blaze fiction. The main purpose of understanding is that it is shorter than the customary short story, no longer than 2,000 words. Most blaze fiction is somewhere in the range of 250 and 1,000 words. Different expressions for these short stories are being used. The most established is short story. All the more as of late one hears postcard fiction, smaller scale fiction, miniaturized scale story, and abrupt fiction. A few sites currently include what are called one sentence stories. The ones Ive read dont have all the earmarks of being anything over very much made sentences one would hope to discover in a regular story. They will in general be elucidating and narrative, yet false stories. At last there is the novel, a long anecdotal account that can be from 60,000-100,000 words. For certain creators 100,000 words are insufficient: James Joyce, Ulysses: 250,000 words (It just appears to be longer.) Victor Hugo, Les Miserables: 513,000 words. Leo Tolstoy, War and Peace: 460,000 words in the first; 560,000 words in English interpretation. Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged: 645,000 words. Samuel Richardson, Clarissa: 969,000 words. (English majors need to peruse this early case of an epistolary novela story told as an assortment of letters.) Furthermore, THE WINNER IS Marcel Proust, A la recherche du temps perdu (In English Remembrance of Things Past/In Search of Lost Time): 1.5 million words distributed in 13 volumes. NOTE: the above Wikipedia citation has since been adjusted to peruse 1.5 million words distributed in 7 volumes. Proust was all the while taking a shot at this 7-volume landmark when he passed on. The main English interpretation, by Scott Moncrief, was distributed in 12 volumes. Distributing history of A la recherche du temps perdu. Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Fiction Writing classification, check our famous posts, or pick a related post below:Homograph Examples40 Synonyms for â€Å"Lie†Plurals of Proper Names

The Storm of Kate Chopin Essay Sample

The Storm of Kate Chopin Essay Sample The Storm by Kate Chopin. Hidden Symbols of this Short Novel Some stories written by Kate Chopin really impress the readers. Though at first gaze the story seems to be obvious or the plot seems to be clichéd, you frequently remember the main characters and their relationships. One of such short novels is The Storm by Kate Chopin. In this essay, we will analyze this story and try to determine why it became so popular among readers. Several Facts about the Writer The short novel was written by well-known American writer Kate Chopin, at the end of 19th century. This woman is a famous author of numerous exciting novels. These days, many scholars found out that Kate Chopin was one of the forerunners of feminist authors in America. Unfortunately, the short novel The Storm wasn’t published when she was alive. The world saw it in almost 60 years after her death in the book The Complete Works of Kate Chopin. After the publication, the Society immediately started discussing this short story and its main characters. The Main Plot of the Short Novel One of the characters Mr. Babinot and his little son were at the shop when the storm started to emerge. For that reason, both decided to stay in the store in order not to get wet. Mr. Bobison decides to make a present for his wife and obtains a can of shrimps for her. At that time, his wife, Ms. Calixta was engaged in sewing at their house. When she saw that the rain was going to emerge, she went outside and decided to retrieve the clothes that were hanging outside. Suddenly, she noticed Alcee, her former boyfriend who was nearby and asked for shelter because it was raining outside. They came in the house because the weather was awful. Calixta started sewing again, and Alcee was sitting near her. The woman thought about her son and husband and hoped that they were in safety. When Alcee saw that the storm wasn’t going to stop soon; he started reminding the woman about the relations that were between them several years ago. Previously they both had a passion for each other. A young man comforts her, and the woman can’t resist the temptation. The storm becomes stronger each minute, and the same happens with the passion of both characters. When the wind stopped, their sexual intercourse stopped too. The readers saw that both characters found the new happiness. After this, both returned to their everyday life. The woman met her son and husband, and she was happy. Alcee sent a letter to his wife, who was in the other city. What Does the Author Mean? In sober fact, Chopin just wanted to bring two main characters together. For that reason, she used storm with the aim to strengthen this effect. The storm just makes the relationships between both stronger. This stormy weather is also used with the aim to direct the couple. The torrential rain is just a uniting element allowing the author to bring both man and woman together. The stormy weather is also used like a symbol showing old romantic relationships between both. The storm leads them and symbolizes the love that was between them several years ago. If it was not such a good comparison of human relationships with a storm, the book wouldn’t be so interesting and catching. The sexual affair between the main characters comes to an end as soon as it stops raining. Both of them returned to their ordinary life. Calixta met her son and husband, and they were planning to have dinner. Alcee came back home and wrote a letter to his wife. With only one sentence she finishes the story, the affair comes to an end, the storm ends, and everyone goes back to their ordinary life. Kate Chopin wrote the Storm almost one hundred years ago, and still, this story is regarded to be an ideal example of symbolism in literature. There are no suffering characters, everyone remained happy.

Marijuana Subculture - 1712 Words

Subculture: Marijuana in the United States Fatima Alikhan ENG 122 Professor Kenneth Newton Monday May 23, 2010 The United States has an approved list of drugs that are considered legal and illegal that create adverse side effects and hold diverse political views. Marijuana is a substance that popular media holds in a negative undertone while other drugs such as valium and alcohol are supported, if not glorified. Popular media is a powerful tool that gathers a mass of people and provides all types of information. Some types of information are historical facts, statistics, entertainment, opinions, and biases which alter the state and views of those who access it. Marijuana has had an extremely controversial†¦show more content†¦Alcohol has a long history of being portrayed in media as a â€Å"relaxing† elixir after a long day at work or a method of unwinding. The role of alcohol in movies and television are false impressions of what would happen in a social setting if you were to be drinking a certain alcohol or the how much better your time would be spent if you were drink ing. Commercials and advertisements use models, cars, celebrities, sports, clubs, and entertainment to promote an image or brand that alcohol brings life, love, and lust to any party however the cold hard truth is that it is far from the perception it sells. This multi-million dollar industry prides itself on a fast growing industry that has the highest percentage of users of a social drug in the United States. â€Å"We do not need the brewers’ reminder that the absolute quantity of alcohol consumed has been steadily increasing at a rate of at least 7% per annum to be aware that it remains far and away the most widely-accepted social drug in this country,† (Aud, 1981, p. 48). Prescription pills have not been much of a harmful substance until this decade. The recent increase in those prescribed with pain and given very high doses of pain medication has been astonishing. Although these substances are intended to target the pain, mostShow MoreRelated Marijuana as a S ubculture Essay1357 Words   |  6 Pages A subculture is a group of people who share a distinctive set of cultural beliefs and behaviors that differ in some significant way from that of larger society. Marijuana smokers can be considered a subculture for many reasons. Marijuana is used by millions of people around the world, either for recreational, spiritual, or therapeutic reasons. Some call themselves the cannabis connoisseurs; people who respect cannabis and use it responsibly. Few drugs have been so politicized recently as marijuanaRead MoreMarijuana as a Subculture Essay1356 Words   |  6 PagesA subculture is a group of people who share a distinctive set of cultural beliefs and behaviors that differ in some significant way from that of larger society. Marijuana smokers can be considered a subculture for many reasons. Marijuana is used by millions of people around the world, either for recreational, spiritual, or therapeutic reasons. Some call themselves the cannabis c onnoisseurs; people who respect cannabis and use it responsibly. Few drugs have been so politicized recently as marijuanaRead MoreContrasting the Contemporary Hipster with the Classical Hippie1899 Words   |  8 Pagesof trendsetters. This esteemed title however has been recently craved by so many, it has incubated the newest and most recent trend in subcultures across the globe: Hipsters. What’s curious about it, however, is that unlike massive and contagious movements in history (as with hippies), Hipsters are characterized by their unrevealed sense of identity to the subculture that surrounds him/her. 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From July 1937 to June 1939, there was a record high on articles mostly helping out theRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1356 Words   |  6 Pages Marijuana has been used as a medicine for millennia by cultures spanning the globe. Ever since 1937, that medical necessity has fallen in America to political pressure, and the cannabis plant remains illegal regardless of intended use. Since then, patients have continued demanding marijuana s therapeutic effects, thus prompting the pharmaceutical industry to find a legitimate means of meeting their needs without violating federal law. This quest for legal weed resulted in the introduction ofRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?2179 Words   |  9 Pagesdislike for marijuana user that the subculture grew. It came to a point where one could not discern fact from myth about marijuana in the 60s/70s war on drugs, mainly because no research was allowed. We must ask ourselves, why was this so, why was this one psychedelic drug as Nixon called it â€Å" Public Enemy Number One†. This drug became somewhat of a political tool to twist and turn making sure the general public’s ignorance stayed unabated, during a whole country against a subculture with no realRead MoreThe Greatful Dead Essay840 Words   |  4 PagesThe Greatful Dead A simple definition of a sub-culture is a group of people who have norms, values, and beliefs that are distinct from those of the main stream culture. A subculture is a group of people who have a distinct way of life. Dead heads fit into this category. They believe that there are many interpretations of reality, and that everyones interpretations are somewhat valid, but none of them are real. There are two reasons why this sub-culture has continued to exist for as longRead MoreLegalizing Marijuana in America978 Words   |  4 PagesLegalizing marijuana in America Illegal drug use is a huge part of American culture and one the most controversial of those drugs is marijuana; its technical name is Cannabis Sativa. But whether you call it cannabis, marijuana, pot, reefer, weed, bud, herb, Mary Jane, hemp, grass or wacky tabacci, it is still illegal in the United States. Actually, all over the world the deliberation rages about the harm or benefits that marijuana has to offer. Attempts to legalize it in the United States

Smoking Cessation, Tips For Success - 869 Words

Smoking Cessation, Tips for Success If you are ready to quit smoking, congratulations! You have chosen to help yourself be healthier. Cigarettes bring nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide, and other irritants into your body. Your lungs, heart, and blood vessels will be able to work better without these poisons. There are many different ways to quit smoking. Nicotine gum, nicotine patches, a nicotine inhaler, or nicotine nasal spray can help with physical craving. Hypnosis, support groups, and medicines help break the habit of smoking. WHAT THINGS CAN I DO TO MAKE QUITTING EASIER? Here are some tips to help you quit for good: †¢ Pick a date when you will quit smoking completely. Tell all of your friends and family about your plan to quit on†¦show more content†¦Remind yourself of your decision to quit. †¢ Change habits associated with smoking. If you smoked while driving or when feeling stressed, try other activities to replace smoking. Stand up when drinking your coffee. Brush your teeth after eating. Sit in a different chair when you read the paper. Avoid alcohol while trying to quit, and try to drink fewer caffeinated beverages. Alcohol and caffeine may urge you to smoke. †¢ Avoid foods and drinks that can trigger a desire to smoke, such as sugary or spicy foods and alcohol. †¢ Ask people who smoke not to smoke around you. †¢ Have something planned to do right after eating or having a cup of coffee. For example, plan to take a walk or exercise. †¢ Try a relaxation exercise to calm you down and decrease your stress. Remember, you may be tense and nervous for the first 2 weeks after you quit, but this will pass. †¢ Find new activities to keep your hands busy. Play with a pen, coin, or rubber band. Doodle or draw things on paper. †¢ Brush your teeth right after eating. This will help cut down on the craving for the taste of tobacco after meals. You can also try mouthwash. †¢ Use oral substitutes in place of cigarettes. Try using lemon drops, carrots, cinnamon sticks, or chewing gum. Keep them handy so they are available when you have the urge to smoke. †¢ When you have the urge to smoke, try deep breathing. †¢ Designate your home as a nonsmoking area. †¢ If you are a heavy smoker,

The Cause and Effects of Global Issue Free Essays

string(156) " patients with CVD reached 230 million in 2008, which means that 2 in 10 adults are suffering from cardiovascular disease \(The Ministry of Health, 2010\)\." The cause and effects of global issue Because of the development of technology, which people use to treat diseases, the deaths caused by communicable disease are decreasing all over the world. However, the deaths of Non-communicable diseases increase. Non-communicable diseases such as Diabetes, Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cancer, which are caused mainly by the bad lifestyle result in the burden to the global economy and caused many deaths in the whole world. We will write a custom essay sample on The Cause and Effects of Global Issue or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this essay, firstly, the causes and effects of Diabetes will be introduced. Secondly, those things of CVD will be demonstrated. Finally, the Cancer’s cause and effect will be discussed. Diabetes is a quite widespread disease, which is caused by the lack of an important hormone called insulin. However, researches show that people who exercise less, insobriety and smoke more possibly get this disease and these factors are the primary causes of this disease (Colditz 1990, Helmrich 1991, Lynch 1996, Manson 2000, Ajani 2000). Because of the spread of this disease, people all over the world were greatly affected and it mainly includes three aspects. Above all, diabetes widely affects our health and daily life. Up to now, it’s still hard to cure diabetes. Diabetes has an excessive morbidity. DIABETES UK (2010) estimates that in 2009, 2. 6 million people in the UK were found to have diabetes and it predicted that the number would increase to 4 million people by 2025. Not only, in the UK, diabetes is also a big problem in the US. In a research (2011) shows that 25. 8 million people in the United States suffered diabetes, which represents 8. 3 percent of the total population. In other developing countries, the situation is even more difficult. In addition to the extremely high rate, diabetes always leads to other diseases like heart disease, High blood pressure, blindness, kidney disease, nervous system disease. In 2004, 68 percent of people older than 65 who were died from heart disease turned out to have relationship with diabetes (2011). From the year 2005 to 2008, 67 percent of people who suffered diabetes have greater blood pressure than the equal level (2011). Besides, diabetes is the leading factor of factors of blindness. In 2008, a total of 20290 people were living on kidney disease in the United States. Most of them have the history of diabetes. What’s more, about 60% to 70% of people with diabetes have a tendency of developing into nervous system disease (2011). Finally, it is also an economic issue to both governments and individual. ‘The Cost of Diabetes in Europe-Type 2 study’ is the first coordinated attempt to measure total healthcare costs of Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Europe. It evaluated more than 7000 patients with Diabetes in eight countries which shows that the total costs of diabetes were estimated at the EUR 29 billion a year(Jonsson,2004). It has the same situation in other countries all over the world. In Canada for 1998, the economic burden of diabetes was likely to between $4. 76 and $5. 23 billion(Keith, 1998). In Sweden, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus is about 3%-4% of the population. The economic burden of diabetes is estimated at 5746 MSEK in1994. (Jonsson, 1983) CVD are the most common complication of diabetes: diabetes causes the microscopic blood vessels of the heart which brings myocardial necrosis. In addition, it also causes atherosclerotic which contributes to coronary heart disease. Myocardial necrosis and heart disease both are a kind of CVD (Goldberg, 2000). Not only are CVD caused by diabetes, but also both of them have something in common. It shows clearly the connection between CVD and unhealthy lifestyle as diabetes does (Wright, Douglas, Rahman, 2004). In other words, unhealthy lifestyle is the main factor of CVD. Unhealthy lifestyle is reflected in using of tobacco, unhealthy diet, lack of exercise and staying up late. On the one hand, with the development of social economy and the living standard improving, people have sufficient money to purchase tobacco. Consequently, tobacco is introduced into people’s life. It has an enormous negative effect on human’s health and is also one of incentives of CVD (Millett, Gray, Saxena, Netuveli, 2007). As another effect of society progress, diet style has changed a lot: people’s staple bread has changed into the high adipose and high protein instead of grain and vegetables (W. H. O. , 2005). Fat intake more than reasonable limit intake, which was the main factors of nutrition superfluous. Over nutrition causes overweight and obese people greatly increases. Overweight and obesity are the common risk factors of CVD (W. H. O. , 2005). On the other hand, the quick pace of city life produces lack of exercise and staying up late. Lack of exercise causes the obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension and hyperglycemia ( Furberg and Thune, 2003). It has been reported by Furberg and Thune (2003) the main risk factors of CVD are hyperglycemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia and obesity. As a result of staying up late, people usually feel ill next day. Phillips (2005) explained the reason why people feel sick. It is because staying up late engenders endocrine disorders. In addition, endocrine disorders will cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, which is one of CVD (Phillips, 2005). Although the decrease of the death rates from CVD appears in some part of western countries (Slattery, Jacobs, Nichaman, 1989), it is still one of the most serious threats to humans, especially among the seniors, in developed countries where medical equipment and technology is comparatively advanced(W. H. O. ,1993). That means the current state of CVD is not that positive as it seems to be. CVD is still one of the deadliest diseases in most parts of western world. Statistics demonstrate that More than 30% of deaths in the United States were caused by CVD (Pakenham, 2010). To make matters worse, the disease, which considered to be solely happening in the western world, now spread to the developing countries and is becoming a worldwide leading cause of death (W. H. O. , 2005). Take China as an example, the number of patients with CVD reached 230 million in 2008, which means that 2 in 10 adults are suffering from cardiovascular disease (The Ministry of Health, 2010). You read "The Cause and Effects of Global Issue" in category "Papers" As a whole, this kind of problem still remains a challenge for human beings (Pakenham, 2010). CVD not only causes large quantities of death, but also increases the enormous economic burden. People who have contracted this kind of diseases suffered unbearable cost pressure including expensive cost of drugs, of undertaking body examinations regularly and of surgery. In 2010 in China, as far as cardiovascular disease is concerned, the acute myocardial infarction costs Chinese society 1. 946 billion Yuan, while 6. 587 billion Yuan in intracranial bleeding and 9. 817 billion Yuan in cerebral infarction. (The Ministry of Health, 2010). According to China cardiovascular disease report(2010) despite of the fact of price changes, a respectively average annual growth rate of acute myocardial infarction, intracranial bleeding and cerebral infarction respect attained 34. 46%, 26. 85% and 31. 05% since 2004. China cardiovascular disease report (2010) stated that such a rapid growth of cost of CVD have a close connection with the rapid growth of the number of people and increases personal and national economic burden. Be similar to diabetes and CVD, the cancer spread very wide and quick and influence seriously. There are many factors, which can cause the increasing of Cancer. The main factor is the unhealthy lifestyle, such as alcohol abuse, inadequate diet, physical inactivity and tobacco’s use. Tobacco’s use, which has the biggest influence on human causes highest rate of cancer. The more and more use of tobacco causes the increasing of lung cancer, which has a high fatality rate. According to the J Natl Cancer Inst (1981), by far, the largest reliably known percentage is the 30% of current U. S. cancer deaths that are due to tobacco. On the other hand, the physical inactivity also causes the increasing of cancer, because the cancer is from the genic mutation. If people do fewer exercises, the more rate of genic mutation will be. So people will have a higher rate of getting cancer. Moreover, the pollution of environment causes the increasing of cancer too. It even can cause 37 forms of cancer (core-reading. No date) Because of the increasing of the cancer described above, it costs much money and influences the economy. This phenomenon not only occurs in developing countries but also in developed countries. According to the Boyle (2008), this is going to present an amazing problem at every level in every society worldwide. However, the influences in different countries are different. For example, the cost of cancer in the United States is less than 1. 73% of GDP but in the Hungary, which has a smaller population and domestic economy it is more than 3. 05% of GDP. (Global Health, 2010) This kind of difference between developing and developed countries is the result of the different degree of attention in the countries. In developing countries, the government pay more attention to the development of economy thus the control of cancer was ignored. Only when cancer becomes an evident disaster, the government will turn to treat it. However, it will cost more money, because the treatment costs more money than the prevention. The truth is that both developing and developed countries spend much money on cancer. The total economic impact of premature death and disability from cancer worldwide was $895 billion in 2008. This cost represents 1. 5 percent of the world’s gross domestic product (GDP). This economic toll from cancer is nearly 19 percent higher than heart disease, the second-leading cause of economic loss ($895 billion and $753 billion, respectively). (Global health, 2010) The high cost of cancer happened because the cancer has direct and indirect influences on the economy. The direct influences include the cost of treatment and prevention of cancer and the funds which be used in research of cancer. The indirectly influences is the decrease of the productivity, because there are no longer enough healthy adults who can work for the industry. Moreover, the death of cancer is more than any other disease, especially in the developing countries. People in Butler County are more likely to die from cancer than heart disease, counter to the trend seen nationally and across the region, according to Journal News’s examination. In some developing countries, the cancer death can equal or larger than 60% of the total death in there per year(Boyle,Levin,2008). In 2008, there were 12. 4 million new case of cancer diagnosed and 7. 6 million deaths from disease (Boyle,Levin,2008). There are a number of factors, which account for the increasing of Non-communicable diseases. However, the main factor is the bad lifestyle of people. On the other hand, the Non-communicable diseases cause many deaths and loss of global economy. It has been argued that there are three kinds of Non-communicable diseases, including Diabetes, CVD and Cancer, which play the important role in NCD. These three diseases caused by the bad lifestyle such as the lack of the exercise and the superfluous or unhealthy diet. Because of the increasing of the NCD, it cost a lot of government’s money to treat it and becomes a heavy burden to the global economy. All in all, the Non-communicable diseases as a global issue result in the burden with the global economy and cause many deaths in the whole world. References Colditz GA, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ,(1990)Weight as a risk factor for clinical diabetes in women. Am J Epidemiol Helmrich SP, Ragland DR, Leung RW, Paffenbarger RS Jr. Physical activity and reduced occurrence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1991 Lynch J, Helmrich SP, Lakka TA, et al. Moderately intense physical activities and high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness reduce risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in middle-aged men. Arch Intern Med 1996 Manson JE, Ajani UA, Liu S, Nathan DM, Hennekens CH. A prospective study of cigarette smoking and the incidence of diabetes mellitus among US male physicians. Am J Med 2000 Ajani UA, Hennekens CH, Spelsberg A, Manson JE. Alcohol consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus among US male physicians. Arch Intern Med 2000 Data from the 2011 National Diabetes Fact Sheet (released Jan. 26, 2011) http://www. diabetes. org/diabetes-basics/diabetes-statistics/ Revealing the cost of Type II diabetes in Europe(B Jonsson – Diabetologia, 2002 – Springer) Goldberg, K. B. (2000) Risk factor CVD in diabetic patients modification for cardiac disease. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies JT Wright Jr, JG Douglas, M Rahman(1998)Prevention of cardiovascular disease in hypertensive patients with normal renal function, [online]Available at lt;http://www. ciencedirect. com/science/article/pii/S0272638698003357 gt;(13/12/2011 15:27) Gerald B. Phillips(2005)Is Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease an Endocrinological Disorder? The Estrogen-Androgen Paradox, [online]Available at lt;http://jcem. endojournals. org/content/90/5/2708. shortgt; (13/12/2011 15:38) ML Slattery, DR Jacobs Jr and MZ Nichaman (1989)Leisure time physical activity and coronary heart disease death. The US Railroad Stu dy [online]Available at http://circ. ahajournals. org/content/79/2/304. short (13/12/2011 15:38) The Ministry of Health. (2010) China cardiovascular disease report, 21th Oct [online]Available at http://www. moh. gov. cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/mohbgt/s6717/201109/52995. htm(13/12/2011 15:39) world health organization report(2005) Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)not date [online]Available at http://www. who. int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs317/en/index. html (13/12/2011 15:41) Making connection Unit 1 reading 2 J Natl Cancer Inst, (1981) . The causes of cancer: quantitative estimates of avoidable risks of cancer in the United States today. online]Available atlt;http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/sites/entrez/7017215? dopt=Abstractamp;holding=f1000,f1000m,isrctngt; (13/12/2011 10:25) lt;lt;Core reading bookgt;gt; Cancer In Developing World(2010). [online]Available atlt;http://www. globalhealth. org/view_top. php3? id=1056gt;(13/12/2011 10:26) American Cancer Society,lnc. (2010),The Global Economic [online]Available atlt;http://www. globalhealth. org/images/pdf/2010_cancer_report. p dfgt; (13/12/2011 10:34) Boyle/ P, and Levin, B. World Cancer Report (2008), How to cite The Cause and Effects of Global Issue, Papers

Overregulating America free essay sample

Overregulation of banks in the United States has kept them homogenous to each other, and unable to have a strategic edge or a unique quality comparing to other banking institutions. The overregulation is due to the 08 crises and has scared governmental officials for years to give banks leeway in big time risk decisions, thus holding back their potential. The 08 crises is one of the most detrimental affects on our economy as a whole, which led to be the largest and most financial jeopardy that our economy has been through, since the Great Depression. Not only did it nearly destroy our economic framework, but it also reshaped the world of finance and investment banking all together. Even though a decade has passed since the crisis occurred, doesnt mean we are out of the woods yet. The effects are still being felt today, yet many people do not fully understand the specifics of what really happened during the crash. We will write a custom essay sample on Overregulating America or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the late 1990s and early 2000s, there was a high demand and purchasing of insurance bonds, being leveled with mortgages called mortgage-backed securities or MBS for short. The reason for this booming of insurance bonds being purchased, was because they have never been cheaper, so the public basically bought up so many insurance bonds, without knowing exactly what theyre getting themselves into. So basically, doing this, overflowed with bonds being purchased triggered the epidemic for what is known as the 08 crises. Investment bankers had a large role in this as well. They would buy mortgages from mortgage issuers, repackaging them and then selling off to investors. This means that investment bankers were tricking investors into purchasing the actual branching off debt of those mortgages, thus creating more debt for our economy, but putting more money in the investment bankers pockets. As time went on, there were less and less new mortgages to securitize so the structured products groups at banks started repacking MBSs, which created an uttered downfall to our economic destruction.Counter claim, however, some Americans believe that banks should be regulated and watched carefully, so an economic crisis will never happen again. From the journal of financial services, Author George J. Benson says I delineate nine reasons that could justify continued regulation, particularly in the United States. These include deposit insurance, preventing banks from obtaining excessive economic power, reducing the cost of individual bank insolvency, avoiding the effects of bank failures on the economy, protecting the payments system, serving the interests of popul arly elected officials, enhancing the Federal Reserves control over the money supply, suppressing competition, and protecting consumers. Benson giving these reasons is important, because he is more cautious than an investment banker would, so it gives the viewpoint of another concerned fellow Americans, but he is coming from someone with no financial experience, only coming from what he feels and what he fears for our future. Allan H. Meltzer, professor of political economy at Carnegie Mellon Universitys Tepper School of Business speaks about the regulation of banks by saying The problem here is not a bank failure, as much as it is a failure of the payment system — that no one will accept payments from another bank because they dont know if they will be able to honor them. That is what we want to prevent. The professor has a point in this, in which he is suggesting that the problem isnt that the banks are failing, its the peoples faith and trust in the banks is the primary issue. If you can no longer have customers to give you their endorsement, then how could your bank possibly succeed? It is like every business and a bank works the same way and is no exception to the free market rules. It works in the way that if you do not have customers for your business or any revenue, it will fail.The Glass-Steagall Act is a perfect example of regulation in banks in the United States. The act was passed by the U.S. Congress in 1933, otherwise known as the banking act, which prohibited commercial banks from taking any action in the investment banking business. The act was sponsored by Senator Carter Glass, which was the secretary of treasury before he became a senator, and Rep. Henry Steagall, a member of the House of Representatives at the time following the great depression. The act was passed as an emergency standard to match the failure of thousands of banks during the Great Depression. It lost its authoritative affect decades later and was repealed in 1999. Now, keeping it current, presidential candidate and now president of the U.S. Donald Trump called for a potential reinstatement of this during the 2016 presidential campaign. Trump hinted at a potential reinstatement of the Glass-Steagall Act while he was running. When trump became president, Gary Cohn (head of the national economic council), vouched to restore the act to break up the big banks, which is the main point of this old act. The act is meant to break up large and powerful banks, by marginalizing them and splitting them up into different divisions. Making banks weaker creates a non-monopoly on our economy. Cohn made a persuasive case for this act, while senators supported the idea, such as John McCain(Arizona) and Elizabeth Warren(Massachusetts). The majority of those in favor of this act being reinstalled was republicans, but a small percentage of democrats were in favor of it, such as Bob Casey(Pennsylvania). The bill would instill a division of banking from investment bankers and insurance bonds being watched over directly from government officials within a five-year transition period. If everything goes the way its supposed to, it would make the banks more secure for depositors and begin to diminish the risk of another depression or 08 crises come our way. CNN had a response to his statement days after, by saying Returning that Great Depression-era law would force the mega banks to break themselves apart by separating their Wall Street investment bank divisions from their Main Street checking account business. CNN is giving a nod to trump, approving the idea of conducting a bill o f a 21st century version of this act. If that is trumps intent to bring back this act and revise to our own economy, could potentially create balance in our economy. The act isnt perfect in any way and still has holes in it. Deal Book, a business and policy website states that Cohn has a hidden interest for his old partners Goldman Sachs. Unlike JPMorgan Chase and Bank of America, Goldman Sachs has no physical retail bank branches and only a sliver of its rivals trillions of dollars in deposits. Creating this act does not put regulation on everything, just what many of the banks relies on, which may seem fair, but with every act and every law, someone always benefits from it. No matter how much regulation you put on anything, you will always find people that luck out and only benefit from economic regulation. The article continues to go on and say, What better way for Mr. Cohn to repay his former colleagues than by endorsing a plan that would virtually eliminate Goldmans remaining competitors and cause them to spend years, and billions of dollars, going down the rabbit hole of separating their commercial and investment banking businesses? Even t hough this quote is purely hypothetical, it does make you think of what exactly this act will do for America if it were to be passed. The act would not be the same as the one from the great depression, but it would create opportunities for regulation to occur within the banks and insurance companies. But remember, people in Washington always have an agenda or something that may not only benefit America but benefit them financially as well. Officials could also say that they will make the law the exact same but a little more revised in comparison to the old one. You also must think about the chance of no revisions being done that may benefit us, and may only benefit banks, causing leeway for another economic depression or breakdown.Now, regulation of banks may not be such a good thing, it could also be a tentative move by the government to get in the way of progress and development of banks. VP of Commercial Banking at California Bank of Trust in Los Angeles (JP McDonald), said I agree with your thesis Brandon, because overregulation in banks have been a problem since the 08 crises. The reason I agree with you beca use, as a bank, we have a lot more rules set in our industry now, which decreases our potential as a business. After interviewing him, he had a biased view on it because he works for a bank and his department is one of the few areas they are trying to regulate more often. Regulating areas like commercial banking just because of the risk factor of losing money is both smart, but tedious at the same time. Professionals in areas like commercial banking are not able to work as freely as other employed workers in any bank, thus creating potential error. JP has worked for his bank for ten years, which was the exact time the 08 crises hit. He is still dealing with problems today, that are about the 08 crises. You may be confused of wondering What is commercial banking, well JP further explains his role in his company, by telling me Im a loan officer and I loan money to our clients and I sign off and I am the final say in how much money as a bank give them. JPs role is very important, because he determines how much money companies or startups, to jumpstart, save, or fill a basic need the company nee ds and is asking for aid. During the interview, JP also mentioned that he is limited by the government for how much he is allowed to give at a time, which seems reasonable, but lets review a couple of scenarios. Say a business needs over $500,000 dollars to fill their needs to complete a project they are working for and the government only allows his bank to sign off on $350,000, because the amount being asked for, sounds too risky. But, also think about what would happen if they were not able to get the loan they needed. The company may go under and lose money, which is not the way of supporting American businesses around the country. The bank also loses a client, which in the long run loses money and loses future potential business with that client. The company may also reach out to another bank and take JPs banks business. Even though that is the way free market works, it is still not fair that the government steps in the way and prohibits the needs from both the bank and its clients. The free market is an amazing and beautiful thing, but once the government steps in and interferes with progress, then everyone loses. There is such a large trust issue between the banks and the government in our country. Whenever the banks fail, they blame the government and whenever the government fails, they blame the banks. If this relationship between both the banks and our government, then we will have another stock market crash, another recession, and another crisis. No matter how much regulation you put on the banks, you will always find problems within our economy. Both of these powerhouses that run our country have to fix the relationship between each other and finally work together. Both have to understand that in order have running a country and having a great one, requires them to see eye to eye. They could blame each other, talk trash on each other, and even twist their arm a little, but that isnt going to solve anything at all what so ever. Think of the relationships between the two this way, when Baron de Montesquieu in 1784 created the system of checks and balances between the three different types of government to make sure that all branches kept each other in check and had a system set of rules to go along with it. That idea from this French philosopher during the late 1700s, is exemplified in the 21st century of America with the banks and government. They keep each other in check to a degree, but the government has a control over the bank, much more than the bank has control over the government. The banks should have more power than it does now and make it a partnership, not a dictatorship.According to The economist, it gives another example of overregulation by saying to Consider the Dodd-Frank law of 2010. Its aim was noble: to prevent another financial crisis. Its strategy was sensible, too: improve transparency, stop banks from taking excessive risks, prevent abusive financial practices and end too big to fail by authorizing regulators to seize any big, tottering financial firm and wind it down. This law was simple, in other words it was to shut down banks that had too much power overall, or it was to prevent giving banks too much leeway for risk decisions that may lead to collapse of businesses, or even worse, our economy. This law may seem great, but it also may lead to another economic break. The reason for a potential break, is because it would lead to overregulation which is the main problem with these laws, acts, or whatever you want to call them. It would lead to potential collapse of our economy, because banks would not be able to take risk at all, which also moves our economy forward. It would also increase the amount of tension between banks and government. Theres an old saying with a man that owns a dog and attempts to correct it on something. The man smacked the dog too much when it did something wrong, and what did the dog do? The dog bit back. Now, if you sometimes pet the dog and give it a treat once and awhile, you can sometimes correct the dog. Thats whats happening with banks and its overregulation from the government. Its ok to put regulation on banks, but once you start putting them down with more rules and regulation, you are soon going to be seeing a rebellion with the banks in their relationship towards the government. You have to sometimes give your dog leeway and able to make mistakes. No big deal if you smack the dog once and awhile, but you also must praise it when it does a great job. But thats not the case with the relationship between banks and the government. The bank will never learn from its mistakes if the government keeps punishing them with never a reward. It does not help our economy by passing these laws by making drastic changes to banking. There may be a point where our banks will be so marginalized by our economy, to where we may not have banks at all.The more of regulations and rules from our government being instilled on our banks, the more chaos will reign over our country. This essay has included many examples of overregulation and its affects, such as the Glass-Steagall and the Dodd-Frank Law. Even though the Glass-Steagall act came in around the great depression, it was the stepping stone for regulation of banks in the United Sates. The only problem with this law previously stated in the essay, was that it does not go with our modern times, which the overregulation of banks is unnecessary, which resulted in years of fear and questions in our economic system. The Dodd-Frank Law that was established in 2010 however, was in response to the 08 crises. This law seems perfect to the naked eye, but really others in the government, or other partners with the government may benefit from some of the laws being passed, while other business and industry are destroyed. Through someone that has experience in the banking world, JP McDonald, the commercial banker that was interviewed, gave his opinion on whether banks really are being overregulated from the government. His thoughts concurred with the thesis of this essay, which is banks being overregulated by the government and holding back the potential of its great future ahead of it. All sources are more than valid that were in this essay, and without a doubt make a case to look deeper into regulation of banks all over our country. The evidence is clear, overregulation is happening in our banks and soon, if we do not act, their may be no economy left.

A Modest Proposal By Swift Essays - Pamphlets, Humour, Fiction

A Modest Proposal By Swift Essays - Pamphlets, Humour, Fiction A Modest Proposal By Swift A Modest Proposal was a satirical essay written by Jonathan Swift depicting the horrific conditions of Ireland and the lives of the Irish people in 1729. The author portrays and attacks the cruel and unjust oppression of Ireland by its oppressor, the mighty English and ridicules the Irish people at the same time. However, Swift's opposition is indirectly presented. Jonathan Swift is able to do so by using the persona, irony, and wit in order to expose the remarkable corruption and degradation of the Irish people, and at the same time present them with practicable solutions to their unscrupulous and pathetic lives. The author uses a satire to accomplish his objective not only because he is able to conceal his true identity but also because it is the most effective way to awake the people of Ireland into seeing their own depravity. Swift creates a fictional persona because by hiding his true identity he is able to convince the readers of the significance of Ireland's problem and allow them to see truth and reality. The persona is a concerned Irishman who is very intelligent, sound, and serious. He appears to be a brute and a monster for proposing something evil and immoral very calmly as if it is normal to consume the flesh of another human being. What makes his proposal to be even more depraved is that he proposes to eat the babies. The persona declares, and at exactly at one year old that I propose to provide for them, in a such a manner as, instead of being a charge upon their parents, or the parish, or wanting food and raiment for the rest of their lives, they shall, on the contrary, contribute to the feeding and partly to the clothing of many thousands. The persona justifies his proposal with numerous reasons. Besides the prevention of voluntary abortions and infanticide, it will also prevent the loss of m oney for maintenance of children and the abuse of women and children. The number of Papists would be reduced and the children will not become beggars, thieves, or prostitutes. The proposal will aid in the increase in the status of the peasantry, promote love, and care from the mothers towards their children. However the persona alone is inadequate to make the narrator seem too plausible. The persona must utilize irony and wit in order for his essay to be more efficacious. A Modest Proposal is so effective and appealing because of the authors' copious uses of irony throughout his essay. The title itself is definitely ironic. It provides the reader with false expectations of decency and sensibility on the part of the writer. The butchery of innocent babies and the use of their skin for clothing is way beyond being modest. It is brutal and insane. The proposal is intended to shock and throw the reader off balance. The narrator also ridicules the Irish. His proposal would be a great incentive for marriage, not because the Irish will marry for the expected reasons, of love and happiness. Instead they will marry for money. As the persona pronounces, this would be a great inducement to marriage, which all wise nations have either encouraged by rewards or enforced by laws and penalties. Moreover, this proposal if put into effect would aid in establishing love and care in families, between spouses and towards the children. The mother would provide her babies w ith better nourishment. Since, plump, fat, and juicy babies are worth more than the lean and abused ones. The husbands will become fond of their wives and refrain from abusing them, to avoid a possible miscarriage. Furthermore, normally the child is introduced to Christianity to celebrate his or her birth and introduction to Christianity. However, ironically Christenings will celebrate a baby's impending death. The baby must be murdered in order for the parents to profit. Thus, the primary motive of the Irish is money. The persona's ingenious display of irony serves a purpose for attacking, scorning, and exposing the vices of the Irish people. The narrator's brilliant and clever use of wit is definitely noteworthy throughout A Modest Proposal. In order to make cannibalism sound like the most practicable solution, the author

A History of African Slave Traders

A History of African Slave Traders During the era of the trans-Atlantic slave trade, Europeans did not have the power to invade African states or kidnap African slaves at will. For the most part, the 12.5 million slaves transported across the Atlantic Ocean were purchased from African slave traders. It is a piece of the triangle trade about which there are still many critical misperceptions. Motivations for Slavery One question that many Westerners have about African slavers, is why were they willing to sell their own people? Why would they sell Africans to Europeans? The simple answer to this question is that they did not see slaves as their own people. Blackness (as an identity or marker of difference) was a preoccupation of Europeans, not Africans. There was also in this era no sense of being African. (Indeed, to this day, individuals are more likely to identify as being African rather than, say, Kenyan only after leaving Africa.) Some slaves were prisoners of, and many of these may have been seen as enemies or rivals to those who sold them. Others were people who had fallen into debt. They were different by virtue of their status (what we might think of today as their class). Slavers also kidnapped people, but again, there was no reason they would inherently see slaves as their own. Slavery as a Part of Life It might be tempting to think that African slave traders did not know how bad European plantation slavery was, but there was a lot of movement across the Atlantic. Not all traders would have known about the horrors of the Middle Passage or what life awaited slaves, but others at least had an idea. There are always people willing to ruthlessly exploit others in the quest for money and power, but the story of the African slave trade goes much further than a few bad people. Slavery and the sale of slaves, though, were parts of life. The concept of not selling slaves to willing buyers would have seemed strange to many people up until the 1800s. The goal was not to protect slaves, but to ensure that oneself and ones kin were not reduced to slaves. A Self-Replicating Cycle As the slave trade intensified in the 16 and 1700s, it also became harder not to participate in the trade in some regions of West Africa. The enormous demand for African slaves led to the formation of a few states whose economy and politics were centered around slave raiding and trading. States and political factions that participated in the trade gained access to firearms and luxury goods, which could be used to secure political support. States and communities who were not actively participating in the slave trade were increasingly at a disadvantage. The Mossi Kingdom is an example of a state that resisted the slave trade until the 1800s when it began trading in slaves as well. Opposition to the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade The Mossi Kingdom was not the only African state or community to resist selling slaves to Europeans. For instance, the king of the Kongo, Afonso I, who had converted to Catholicism, tried to stop the slave of slaves to Portuguese traders. He lacked the power, however, to police the whole of his territory, and traders as well as nobles engaged in the Trans-Atlantic slave trade to gain wealth and power. Alfonso tried writing to the Portuguese king and asking him to stop Portuguese traders from engaging in the slave trade, but his plea was ignored. The Benin Empire offers a very different example. Benin sold slaves to Europeans when it was expanding and fighting many wars - which produced prisoners of war. Once the state stabilized, it stopped trading slaves, until it started to decline in the 1700s. During this period of increasing instability, the state resumed participation in the slave trade.

Briefing a case---Near v. Minnesota Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Briefing a ---Near v. Minnesota - Case Study Example The Court was of the judgment that the restraining order violated the First Amendment of the Constitution (Near v. Minnesota). Since the Press was barred against publishing and circulating information on prejudice and anti-Semitism, the Court indicated that the media was simply censored. The press had to enjoy its freedoms and restrains would only be applicable in contexts such as the media publishing stories that touched on overthrowing the government, matters on national security, war, incitement and indecency (Near v. Minnesota). Who won the conflict? What is the legal holding? : The Saturday Press won the conflict. The legal holding focused on the fact that the statute did not allow for censorship control by the media. Censorship for the Saturday Press was, therefore, not permitted (Near v. Minnesota). The state in this context, did not have the mandate to determine what would be published or not. The Court also noted that issuing sanctions to the media prior to their publications would be a clear infringement of the freedom of the press. Prior restraints were therefore not applicable. Why?: The logic that supports the majority opinion is the fact that the First Amendment was to protect the press, and more so from interference from the government that strives to make restraints on the media (Near v. Minnesota). A precedent that emanates from the case relates to how the government makes constant attempts to restrain speech especially on ideas that do not support the government. This case will be used a guide to future cases on restraints on speech.in the event that the government opts to regulate the media, this ruling will be useful to giving rulings. Concurring and dissenting opinions: Three judges among them Justice Butler wrote dissenting opinions that the statute needs not operate on restraints on publications. According to the judges, the

Chinese Women's Attitude toward Intimate Partner Violence and Domestic Term Paper

Chinese Women's Attitude toward Intimate Partner Violence and Domestic Violence - Term Paper Example China accounts for 21% of the world’s population (1300) and studies reported prevalence of IPV against women ranged from 13% to 37% in urban areas and 7% to 66% in rural areas (Wang et al. p.533), the characteristics of the Chinese DV and IPV problem and people’s response toward these problem serves to be of focal importance. China was a patriarchal society for an extensive history. The traditional gender expectation for a Chinese woman is to have absolute obedience, loyalty and devotion to her father, husband and even sons. Chinese men’s superiority and women’s inferiority were heavily embedded in many aspects of social life. Until nowadays, individual’s and public’s perceptions of DV and IPV are shaped by this traditional patriarchal ideology (Sun et al. p. 217,Yanqiu et al. p. 1307). But in Western societies, especially for developed countries like the U.S, women’s movement from the 18 century had enhanced individual awareness and p ublic consciousness of women’s right and thus shapes the attitudes toward DV and IPV (Sun et al. 2010, p. 217). Because of the cultural differences between China and western societies, the reasons account for DV and IPV is quite different too, for example, study found that in-law conflict is one of the major causes for DV and IPV because most of the Chinese married couples live with their in-law (Chan 2010). As far as the research conducted on domestic violence is concerned Sun et al, 2010, conducted a study which aimed to analyze the attitude that individuals adopted towards the police response as far as domestic violence is concerned. Ivan et al. made use of a sample that comprised of a survey questionnaire that contains about a 100 items which were administered to university students. The sample comprised of making use of a total of 654 students from China and America and by the use of purposive-and convenient sampling methods looked to analyze the difference in their reac tions and perceptions. Sun et al. conducts research on the topic by making use of a number of variables, the dependent ones having two measures which denote the attitude of the individuals towards the police as either proactive or traditional as far as domestic violence was concerned. The independent variables used were those that had to do with the background characteristics, experiences, and attitudes as far as gender role and violence was concerned. The data gathered was analyzed by means of a bivariate and a multivariate analysis. The research design used was primarily qualitative descriptive in nature as the means of data gathering was through the use of questionnaire and surveys that was distributed. The adaptation of a descriptive qualitative research method was one that was most frequently found in the numerous studies conducted on the topic of domestic violence. We see Chan et al, 2010, conduct a similar study based on a qualitative design, which although did not approach t he topic by highlighting key differences of individuals from different geographical locations but aimed to analyze the aspect childhood sexual abuse by focusing primarily on Hong Kong. The sample incorporated of households that were through random selection used as a part of the representative population study that was conducted. The sample size was also comparatively larger with over 1154 respondents, who were 16 or above and could speak English. They majority of the sample was male whereas 46% were female, with a varied level of education. The sample was interviewed

The Prison Of Puberty :: essays research papers

We the teenagers, of the people, of this world submit this list of injustices and wrong doings that mother nature has laidupon us. She has put us in a horrible prison, the prison of puberty, where our sentence is all of adolescence and our punishmentis to endure the hardship which causes many of the institutionalized personal to crack under the pressure.We protest against acne, a cruel and horrifying thing that occurs to someselected teenagers. This punishment is cruel and undeserving. At times anindividual with this dilemma may experience young children questioning chickenpox are on the ill-fated person. Also the individual has quite a hard time finding a companion to flirt with without utterly humiliating themselves. As the opposite sexdoes not find it desirable to be chatting to a person who has hideous spots on his/her face and this will cause an excuse to be made up with the most famous "excuse me I have to go and wash my hair" One who has this problem may go through many circumstances that make the individual lose their dignity, self esteem, and pride, but the male prisoners tend to not have these in the first place and will move on to the next subject with no apparent concernOther unjust routines of the Puberty Prison are the unscheduled growth spurts. These are put on the prisoners randomly and causes the prisoner to feel akward and gangly. This brisk development directs one on a path of buying new pants or in the case of the uneducated cell mate wearing the same pants with your ankles showing.On some occasions this individual might feel taller than peers, but soon the persons colleagues have reached the same peak, and a sense of contentment is contained within the subject.In the male subjects the warden places a horrible, undeserved, and unjustified punishment. Where the inmate has uncontrollable leaps into sounds which only the prison dogs can hear. The voice break has caused many inmates grief and has resulted in many of them taking a vow of silence in fear that they will crack glass.Another undesirable punishment is the gaining of hair in every place of the body for most of the males and heaven forbid even some of the female subjects who have been deprived the right of a shaver. This gain of hair can becomeuncomfortable and disgusting and is an annoyance to many of the subjects. The horrible warden Mother earth also may bring on appetites that are unmanageably colossal.

Research on Tobacco Smoking Essay

Abstract The aim of this research project is to test the hypothesis that â€Å"Tobacco smoking is adversely affecting the health of unborn babies among pregnant women in Barking and Dagenham† Smoking pregnant women appear to be more vulnerable than non smoking pregnant women to many adverse consequences of tobacco smoking. Smoking during pregnancy is associated with many fatal and neo-natal problems such as low birth weight, pre-term delivery, placenta damage, miscarriage, and sudden-infant-death syndrome. It can also be the cause of respiratory problems such as chest infections and can aggravate asthma in young babies. Smoking pregnant women achieve higher concentrations of nicotine and carbon monoxide in their blood and become more impaired than non smoking pregnant women after smoking equivalent amounts of tobacco. The study has used primary and secondary research to obtain its findings. The questionnaire albeit a very small cross section of the population, established that tobacco use is more prevalent among smoking pregnant women than non smoking pregnant women in Barking and Dagenham. In my survey, 60 percent of tobacco smoking pregnant women reported consume cigarette, 200 percent smoke cigars, 10 percent pipe tobacco, and 10 percent of other types of tobacco per day on average. The secondary research was based on studies and surveys that the the number of pregnant women who smoke has been falling steadily in recent years. No one can deny that quitting smoking it is a difficult process. Even so, many pregnant women give up smoking for good during pregnancy. Moreover, pregnant women who give up smoking early in pregnancy and who receive encouragement from their partners and from midwives are most likely to be successful in becoming permanent non-smokers. Introduction This research project will be discussing the hypothesis that â€Å"Tobacco smoking is adversely affecting the health of unborn babies among pregnant women†. The expression adversely is defined within the literature review, using evidence from secondary source material. It will debate the reasons, affects, consequences, disadvantages of tobacco smoking among pregnant women and Government advice and consequence of tobacco and how harmful it is to babies and their health. In addition to this material, a small scale research component has been included which leads to an evaluation of both the primary and secondary sources. LITERATURE REVIEW In December 1998, the Department of Health published Smoking Kills – a White Paper on tobacco, which set out practical measures to reduce smoking among men, women, children and most particular women with pregnancy. – Office for national statistics 2008 – 2009, smoking related behaviour and attitude. Smoking is the inhalation of the smoke of burning tobacco encased in cigarettes, pipes, and cigars. Many health experts now regard habitual smoking as a psychological addiction, too, and one with serious health consequences. – McCoy. K, Tobacco smoking – page 226. For some people it’s because they believe that they can’t live without the effects of smoking, such as relieving stress and giving pleasure. For others it’s because smoking is associated with fun and social activities, such as a break from work or meeting with friends in the pub. – McConoile. B, Women and pregnancy – part 3- page 196. Everyone has different reasons for smoking and tobacco is used to fill many needs. Some of the key reasons are the physical, emotional and psychological effects that cigarettes have; they can also be used as a tool when socialising. – Fintan O’ Toole, – Health correspondent Article- Life & Style, The Guardian –19/12/2008. Smoking is used as a way to suppress uncomfortable feelings, and smoking is used to alleviate stress, calm nerves, and relax. No wonder that when you are deprived of smoking, your mind and body are unsettled for a little while. – (Kirkup, J, Daily Telegraph – 22 February 2008, smoking and hazards. The habit of cigarette smoking is often used to tranquilize emotional issues like anxiety, stress, or low self-esteem. In addition, smoking provides comfort to people with conditions of chronic pain and depression. Smokers with emotional stress or chronic pain often turn to smoking as an attempt to treat their pain. – Dr. Annette, October 15, 2009, why people smoke cigarettes. Smokers often say that lighting up a cigarette can calm their nerves, satisfy their cravings, and help them feel energized. Indeed, nicotine in tobacco joins on to receptors in your brain that release â€Å"feel good† chemicals that can make you feel calm and energized all at once. Smoking acts as a drug, inducing a feeling of well-being with each puff. – Chorlton. P, Life Quality Management – page 89. Smoking is a way to avoid feeling unpleasant emotions such as sadness, grief, and anxiety. It can hide apprehensions, fears, and pain. This is accomplished partly through the chemical effects of nicotine on the brain. – Moor. S, The Journal – 23 March 2006. According to a study carried at the University of Nottingham by the Genetics of Pre-Eclampsia Consortium, pregnant women who smoke put the lives of their unborn babies at risk. This study was funded by the British Heart Foundation and strongly supports the opinion of many leading experts who advise that expectant mothers should quit smoking whilst pregnant.- NHS, Information Centre, September 28, 2006, Statistics on NHS Stop Smoking Services. Out of the total 1001 women, 38.8 percent smokers delivered premature babies as compared to 21.3 percent of non-smokers. 46.1 percent of smokers delivered low birth weight babies when compared to 27.9 percent non-smokers. 65.6 percent of smokers delivered babies with adverse conditions when compared to 60 percent of former smokers and 50.4 percent of non-smokers – Heath Express, December 5 2008, smoking and pre-eclampsia The most recent CDC survey (from 2008) showed that more than 1 in 6 American women aged 18 years or older (18.3%) smoked cigarettes. The highest rates were seen among American-Indian and Alaska-Native women (22.4%), followed by white (20.6%), African-American (17.8%), Hispanic (10.7%), and Asian women (4.7%). CDC – women’s health – publications and material (1999), smoking among pregnant women. Smoking during pregnancy is associated with many fatal and neo-natal problems such as low birth weight, pre-term delivery, placenta damage, miscarriage, and sudden-infant-death syndrome. It can also be the cause of respiratory problems such as chest infections and can aggravate asthma in young children. CDC – women’s health – publications and material (1999), smoking among pregnant women. Tobacco use accounts for nearly 1 in 3 cancer deaths. Tens of thousands of women will die this year from lung cancer, which has shot past breast cancer as the leading cause of cancer death among women. Almost 90% of these lung cancer deaths will be due to smoking. ACS, March 2001, Women and Smoking When the mother smokes, so does the baby. Smokers take in poisons such as nicotine and carbon monoxide (the same gas that comes out of a car’s exhaust pipe). These poisons get into the placenta, which is the tissue that connects the mother and the baby before it is born. These poisons keep the unborn baby from getting the food and oxygen needed to grow. Partnerships for a Tobacco- free Maine, 2010, Parent – smoking among pregnant women. New studies show that if a woman’s partner smokes near her during her pregnancy, there are added risks. It is best for the mother, baby, and entire family to quit tobacco. If family and friends continue to smoke the pregnant mother should ask them not to smoke near her. Lungs UK, 2010; Mothers – smoking among pregnant women. Due to smoking habits among pregnant women, about 4000 fatal deaths occur every year. It also includes miscarriages. Smoking among pregnant women also leads to premature births, low birth weight, cot death and asthma. In addition smoking is also associated with learning difficulties among children whose mothers smoke during pregnancy, which is yet another good reason why women who are pregnant should consider giving up. Heath Express, December 5 2008, smoking and pre-eclampsia. Women who smoke greatly increase their risk of heart disease (the leading killer among women) and stroke. Risk goes up with the number of cigarettes smoked and the length of time a woman has been smoking. Even though most of the women who die of heart disease are past menopause, smoking increases the risk more in younger women than in older women. ACS, March 2001, Women and Smoking. Heart disease and diseases of the blood vessels (cardiovascular disease) are more common in women who smoke than in those who don’t. Research indicates that women who smoke and also use hormonal contraceptives have a particularly high risk of developing heart disease or blood clots that can lead to stroke. eHealth MD, 2000, smoking, alcohol, and pregnancy. Cigarette smoking remains the leading preventable cause of death in UK. One out of five smokers, following a gruelling history of lung diseases including: pneumonia, emphysema, bronchitis and COPD with eventually die from cancer associated with smoking. – Champix – 2008, stop smoking and champix. Smoking also increases the risk of many other types of cancer other than lung cancer, including cancers of the throat, mouth, pancreas, kidney, bladder, breast, and cervix. Heart Attacks, individuals that smoke are six times more likely to experience a heart attack when compared to individuals that choose not to smoke. – Powell. J, drug Abuse (Emotional Health Issues 2007) page 27. Smoking also promotes the development free radicals which are highly unstable molecules that cause disease and damage to cell DNA. The cells of your body start behaving erratically producing a range of responses that make your skin age faster. – BBC News,Thursday, 28 December, 2006, Cigarettes Smoking effects. If you smoke more than a 1/2 pack of cigarette per day for over six months you have a one in three chance that you will not perform to previous levels in the bedroom, inability to perform, inability to a achieve, inability to maintain an erection. – Lamb. K, Health Issue 2001, Cigarettes smoking. Research carried out by Oxford University estimated that smoking cost the NHS in the UK  £5.2 billion in 2005/06, approximately 5.5% of total healthcare costs4. This updates the estimated cost of between  £1.4 and  £1.5 billion a year, estimated by research carried out by the Oxford University. – Statistics, Health, 2001, Smoking Related Behaviour & Attitudes. In 2008, it is estimated that almost one in five deaths in England of people over 35 years of age were due to smoking. Over a third of all deaths from respiratory diseases and almost three in ten of all deaths from cancers in this population are estimated to be caused by smoking. A higher proportion of smoking attributed deaths were seen for men compared to women.– Oxford Journal, 2008, Volume 105, Number 41, Cancer Risk for Smoker. Dr Miriam Stoppard said â€Å"Pregnancy can be a particularly difficult time to stop smoking – and rather than stigmatising these women, we should be guiding them to their local NHS Stop Smoking Service for expert advice and support†. BBC News, Wednesday, 4 February 2009, Health, pregnant smokers ‘fear criticism’. The total number of successful quitters delivered by NHS Stop Smoking Services between 2003/04 and 2005/06 was 832,700. The Department of Health Priorities and Planning Framework (PPF) target of 800,000 successful quitters over this period was achieved.- NHS, Information Centre, September 28, 2006, Statistics on NHS Stop Smoking Services. The number of women who smoke has been falling steadily in recent years. No one can deny that quitting smoking it is a difficult process. Even so, many women give up smoking for good during pregnancy. eHealth MD, 2000, smoking, alcohol, and pregnancy. Women who give up smoking early in pregnancy and who receive encouragement from their partners and from midwives are most likely to be successful in becoming permanent non-smokers. BBC News, 2007, Health issue, smoking, and pregnancy. The Smoking and Health (ASH) and the British Medical Association (BMA) estimate that up to 120,000 men over 30 years old suffer from impotence as a negative effect of smoking. This figure is likely to be very conservative, because it does not include impotence due to previous smoking in men who no longer smoke. Office of the national statistics – 25 April 2010, cigarettes smoking. The proportion of adults who smoked cigarettes fell substantially in the 1970s and the early 1980s – from 45 per cent in 1974 to 35 per cent in 1982. After 1982 it declined gradually until the early 1990s, levelling out during the 1990s. It then fell smoothly from 28 per cent in 1998/99 to 24 per cent in 2005. – Office of the national statistics – 25 April 2010, cigarettes smoking. Objective The objective of this research project is to test the hypothesis that, â€Å"Tobacco smoking is adversely affecting the health of unborn babies among pregnant women†. With the use of primary and secondary research to test the above mentioned hypothesis, there will be an emphasis on relevant literature such as journals, studies, surveys and statistics, both independent and governmental. In addition to this literature, the project’s questionnaire will add another dimension to the research giving it more essence and making it more satisfactory. The outcome of the project is to have basic knowledge and awareness of the danger of tobacco smoking to pregnant women who smokes and also the dangerous effect to the unborn babies. Method The research project shall engross both primary and secondary research and then evaluate both sources and produce a conclusion of results. The primary research will consist of a questionnaire, the unexpended anonymous is to protect the identity of the participants. Consequently, making them feel comfortable so that their answers will be as frank as possible. When all the gathered information is collected, comparisons can be made to determine my hypothesis. â€Å"Tobacco smoking is adversely affecting the health of unborn babies among pregnant women on†. There will only be a small sample of questionnaires to process the results. Therefore, it will not be a true reflection of society and its trends. The results from the survey will not have any significance on a national level, although, the participants do come from verity backgrounds and a range of nationalities. The study for secondary research will be produced from pertinent literature that will be reviewed and documented, the use of applicable radio and television programs and appropriate web sites. By using these informative mediums a deeper understanding and better insight into this much argued topic will be gained. In the process of carrying out this research, a lot of issues were put into consideration especially the ethnicity and nationality of respondents. Results The primary research consisted of the 15 questionnaires being distributed, 12 smoking pregnant women responded showing their ages to range from 18 to 40 years and 8 another non smoking pregnant women responded also showing their ages to range form 18 – 40 years. The survey report presents the finding of research into young women excessive drinking in Barking and Dagenham. In recent years there has been rising concern about the prevalence of smokers’ behaviour, especially among pregnant women. Smoking among pregnant women has also increases the risk of many other types of diseases that have led to the death of their babies. Smoking habits among pregnant women is intolerable, about 4000 fatal deaths occur every year. It also includes miscarriages. Smoking among pregnant women also leads to premature births, low birth weight, cot death and asthma. In addition smoking is also associated with learning difficulties among children whose mothers smoke during pregnancy, which is yet another good reason why women who are pregnant should consider giving up. [pic] Evaluation The structure of the questionnaire was to establish where and how pregnant women indulge in tobacco smoking, daily intake of tobacco, consequences of tobacco and the awareness of the affect of tobacco to their unborn babies, and the medical efforts and advice to reduce frequent intake of tobacco among pregnant women. The research shows that majority of pregnant women goes into smoking because of various reasons. My research shows that pregnant women smoke to be sociable with their friends, boredom, stress, relaxation, parent influence and also family influence. According to the result of my research, sixty percent agreed that they were suffering from the side effect of smoking tobacco. Majority of them complained of various illness and side effect of tobacco such as: constant headache, coughing, shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing mucus or blood, dry and wet cough, fever, chest discomfort, foetal development problems, and brain damage and other severe complication to unborn child, according to pregnant women. The research also shows that the respondents who filled out my questionnaire agreed that they have loss their dear ones through tobacco smoking either by asthma, cancer, coronary artery disease, heart disease, stroke, lungs disease, complication during pregnancy and many other diseases resulting from tobacco smoking. The hypothesis has been proven through this evidence produced in the primary and secondary research that tobacco smoking is unavoidable, and it will be extremely difficult to outlaw it in the society. The only possible solution to this problem is to continue to make general publication about the severe influence and the harms it can cause to their foetus and the unborn babies. Figure1: Age Range that Smoke during pregnancy Figure 2: Tobacco Consumption during Pregnancy Figure 3: Ranges of Smoking and Non Smoking during Pregnancy Figure 4: Reasons for Smoking Figure 5: Frequency of Smoking during Pregnancy Figure 6: Types of Tobacco Smoking by Pregnant Women Bibliography Literature Firth. L, 2001, Smoking Problem, Volume 43, Smith University, Published The Independence Royston. A, Tobacco – Learn to Say No! Oxford, Publisher Heinemann Library Lamb. K, Tobacco Smoking – Health Issue 2001, London, Publisher White Thomson Wechsler. H, PhD and Wuethrich. B, 2002, Addicted to Smoking: Tackling the Diseases’ Published by World Book USA. Plant. M, and Plant. M, 2006, Smoking in Britain: Drugs and the National Response, Publisher Oxford University Press. Dr, Mapstone. J, Acting Director of Public Health, November 2007, Smoking and Pregnancy, Glasgow, Publisher The independence Ward. M, 1998, caring for someone with drugs Addicts (carer handbook series) Publisher Age Concern Hamilton. K, 1999, Drugs and Pregnancy – your body (Healthy Body) London, Publisher Hodder Wayland Journals Parker. Colins, Tutor, 2010 Handout Moor. S, The Journal – 23 March 2006. Institution of Drugs Student – 2007 Issue 2. McConoile. B, Pregnant women under Tobacco influence – part 2- page 186. McCoy. K, & Dr. Wibbelsman. C, The teenager health – page 148 Powell. J, Pregnancy and drug Abuse (Emotional Health Issues 2008) page 13. Foster. R.K, and Marriott, 2006, Women and Pregnancy, volume 31 Issue 4, page 286 – 308 Chorlton. P, Life Quality Management – page 64. Internet news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/3121440smokingissues.co.uk/know-your-limits-responsible homemed4u.co.uk/†¦ /Smoking-tobacco-causes-death.asp surreyhypnosisclinic.co.uk/ Drugs-HypnosisinCamberley ww.nhs.uk/Livewell/smoking/ Pages/Effectsofdrugs.aspx www.guardian.co.uk/uk/ pregnancy/feedarticle/8491829 www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1537484/tobacco-smoking-among-pregnant women www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/smoking www.smokingissues.co.uk/ uk-s-relationship-with-tobaccol.html www.nhs.uk/Livewell/pregnancyl/ Pages/Effectsoftobaccol.aspx – www.ias.org.uk/resources/ factsheets/pregnancy/smoking.pdf

The Great Emancipator Abraham Lincoln - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 957 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/10/30 Category People Essay Level High school Tags: Abraham Lincoln Essay Did you like this example? President Abraham Lincoln was a thought desirable who was born on February 12, 1809, in a normal family in Kentucky. His family moved to Indiana seven years later; during that time, he had to farm work to support his family until he was twenty-two years old, so his education was limited. In1832, Lincoln joined the Legislature in Illinois after his family moved to Macon County in Southern Illinois in 1830. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Great Emancipator Abraham Lincoln" essay for you Create order He taught himself laws, practiced and successfully passed the examination in 1836. Since then he worked as a lawyer and earned trust from the residents of his small town to the whole country. Lincoln won the election to the Congress in 1846 and started his tough journey to become the Great Emancipator of America. The first thing made Lincoln be a great emancipator is his personal hatred of slavery led to his belief that slavery compromised the Republican purpose of the country. He gave many arguments to prove his point. In a speech at Peoria, 1954, This declared in the difference, but as I must think, covert real zeal for the spread of slavery, I cant but hate criticizing the Declaration of Independence, and insisting that there is no right principle of action but self-interest.(This Fiery Trial, 29) As this point, he attacked slavery with reason that its existence within the United States could make American democracy became a hypocrite in the eyes of the world. In his fragment on slavery, 1857-1858, he said If A can prove, however conclusively. And if he can make it his interest, he has the right to enslave you (This Fiery Trial, 42). During this period, he opposed argued that slavery was demonstrated based on color and intelligence. In letter to Joshua Speed, 1855, Lincoln expressed his hatred of slavery and later on Lincolnâ€Å"Douglas debates, 1858; he claimed that slavery ran counter to American democratic principles because to some Americans, the Declaration of Independences phrase All men are created equal. applied only to somebody but to Lincoln, it applied to everyone include African-Americans. And much more the speeches and writing of Lincoln in history expressed his hate and struggle with slavery. Beside Lincoln hatred of slavery, his opposition to the Dred Scott decision (1958) is also evidence that makes his name became unforgettable. Many feelings against slavery of Lincoln were presented in seven Lincoln-Douglas debates. Through debates with Douglas, Lincoln expressed his disagreement with the Dred Scott decision of the Supreme Court. As Lincoln showed in these debates, politically, Republicans were now locked in conflict with the Dred Scott decision (12-9b, Abraham Lincoln and the Slave Power, A People and A Nation) Lincoln actually adhered to the Declaration of Independence that refers to the equality of all people. Therefore, the Dred Scott decision was against the Declaration and Lincoln did not agree with it. As he said in seventh debate with Douglas And when this new principle this new proposition that no human being ever thought of three years ago, is brought forward, I combat it as having an evil tendency, if not an evil design; I combat it as having a tendency to dehumanize the negro to take away from him the right of ever striving to be a man. I combat it as being one of the thousand things constantly done in these days to prepare the public mind to make property, and nothing but the pro perty of the negro in all the States of this Union (This Fiery Trial, 61) Lincoln believed that black people had the rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Although Lincoln and the Republicans denied any intent to interfere with slavery in the states where it existed, they stood firm against the extension of slavery into the territories. (13-1 Election of 1860 and Secession Crisis, A People and A Nation) shows that in the debate with Douglas, Lincoln did not try to do anything related to slavery but he believed that the Union could not function as half-slave and half-free. The U.S. would have to be a slave nation or a free nation; it could not be both. (They Have Encouraged Lecture Notes) Therefore, he would try his best to stop slavery extend to the Western Territories. Douglas won the debate, but Lincoln gained much recognition that eventually helped him won the presidential election two years after. In addition, Lincoln began as against slavery and end with finally issued the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 which liberated all slaves in states that are in civil war and they had the ability to serve in the Army or Navy of the Union. Before the Emancipation Proclamation, the purpose of the Civil War was fighting for the Union. Lincoln said I would save the Union, If I could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that. What I do about slavery, and the colored race, I do because I believe it h elps to save the Union. (13-5b Confiscation Acts, A People and A Nation). With the Emancipation Proclamation, the purpose of the war changed, the war was not only fighting for the Union but also for the freedom of slaves. However, the Emancipation Proclamation was limited in many states at South but not all area; therefore, the Emancipation Proclamation just released about half of Americans slaves on 1865 and later Lincoln strongly supported the 13th Amendment Thirteenth Amendment, the Law of State freed the rest of slaves which removed slavery in America. As this point, Lincoln supported the abolition of slavery to become the constitutional law which made him be the Great Emancipator of America.