Business Research Methods Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Research Methods - Term Paper Example From the paper the most obvious weakness of the questionnaire is the lack to give a brief description of the purpose of the research, there is need to include a brief description to the respondents on what the research is aimed at finding out. The other problem with the questionnaire is that the questions are not logically set, there is a need to set the questions in a logical manner and opt to mix them up. This is achieved by grouping questions that tend to get some information together and arranging the questions from simple questions to the more complex question. The format of the questions in the questionnaire is mixed up and does not follow this rule. The other crucial information missing from this questionnaire is the information on confidentiality, there is need to add a note on the extent to which ethical issues on confidentiality will be observed, this will ensure that the respondents don't give biased information as a result of fear of exposure of information. Therefore there is a need to give a statement that tells the respondent about the level of confidentiality. Descriptions on where to return the complete questionnaire are also missing, there is need to clearly explain where to return the form and also advice the respondent to completely fill out all the questions because a questionnaire that is not fully filled is always discarded. The other drawback with the questionnaire is that there are two questions in one question, this is evident from the use of the word "and" in the questions, a research question in a questionnaire should not contain two question and thi9s is avoided by not using and in the question, this is evident from question 15 and 7, the problem with the two questions is that the respondent is not sure which question to answer and this leads to biases in responses given.  Ã‚  

Evaluating Compliance Strategies Essay Example for Free

Evaluating Compliance Strategies Essay The compliance process is very important in medical billing and coding. After a patient is seen, physicians document the patients visit. Medical administrators then post the medical codes of the visit in the practice management program (PMP) and prepare the claim. It is important to prepare claims correctly in order to stay in compliance. A correct claim connects a billed service to a diagnosis. The diagnosis has to relate to the billed service to treat the patients ailment. The connection is referred to as code linkage. It is important to correctly link procedures and diagnosis because if they arent correctly link the payer will reject the claim and will not pay for the services which then makes the patient responsible for payment. To be in compliance, medical insurance specialists need to know each payers billing rules stated in each insurance policy. These are subject to change and updated frequently so medical insurance specialists also use payer bulletins, websites, and maintain communication with payer representatives to make sure they are staying in compliance. Medicare also has its own set of rules and regulations. The Medicare National correct coding initiative (CCI) controls improper coding. CCI edits are used by computers to check claims for errors that would lead to improper payment of services. The CCI prevents two procedures from being billed that could not have been performed together. Private payers also have code edits similar to the CCI. Compliance errors sometimes occur. Submitting an improper claim may just be a simple mistake such as a typo, or sometimes it may be a deliberate act of fraud. Other common errors that are sometimes made are truncated coding, incorrect gender or age of the patient, assumption coding, altering documentation, coding without proper documentation, reporting services provided by unlicensed providers, and coding a unilateral service twice instead of choosing the bilateral code. For these reasons there are several billing and coding compliance strategies that have been put in place. One compliance strategy used by healthcare professionals is to carefully define bundled code and know global periods. A medical insurance specialist needs to be clear on what individual procedures are contained in bundled codes and what the global periods are for surgical procedures. Another strategy is to benchmark the practices E/M codes with national average. By comparing the practice reports with national averages, upcoding is able to be monitored. Another strategy is to use modifiers appropriately, and be clear on professional courtesy and discounts to uninsured and low income patients. The strategy that I find the most useful and am in support of is to maintain compliant job reference aids and documentation templates. Job reference aids are a form of a cheat sheet that lists procedures and CPT codes that are most often used by each individual practice. I think that the only way this strategy can be improved is to make sure that the job reference aids are updated frequently when new services are added to the practice, and when codes change or new ones are added. This can be accomplished by keeping track of when codes are updated or changed. There are many implications of incorrect medical coding. An improper claim will get rejected or denied by the payer. When this happens the physician will need to either file an appeal, or correct the issue. If the error can be corrected the claim can be resubmitted, however this is still unfortunate because the process will take longer than if it had been done right in the first place. When coding errors are made due to fraudulent attempts, the person who prepared the claim will lose their job and face legal action. Also, sometimes the physician in charge of the practice will be liable and possibly sued, because he/she is responsible for their employees and their actions. Medical coding, physician, and payer fees are all related to the compliance process. Any services performed by a physician will need to be correctly coded so that they can be paid for. Medical coding must be done properly in order to stay in compliance. Physicians must be honest and provide proper documentation of any and all services performed in order for an insurance company to accept a claim and pay for the services that were performed. As long as everyone works as a team, and works in honesty, it is easy to stay in compliance. And by using the strategies I have outlined, compliance is not difficult to follow.

Strategies for Policy Formation

Strategies for Policy Formation Loui Rhey C. Irang Problem Identification In order to truly understand the development of the policy, problem should be identified. In the setting of policy analysis, the idea of problem definition has long been introduced as the most critical and demanding task fronting the experts. The ÂÅ ½ first concern of problem definition is acknowledgement that problems do not exist in the workplace. The second concern suggests that definitions of problems in the setting of practice must meet the standards of feasibility and worth for improvement thus policy analysis is explained as identifying and shaping problems worth solving. Agenda setting considers policy change as a way to policymakers changing their inclination based on observation and needs of improvement and policies to be discontinued also are observed from time to time. Political model tend to discuss policy development as the product of changes in the arrangement of main interests. It states that somewhat the implied understanding that policy improvements are the product of the combination between power and ideas and adapting their objective to new circumstances. Learning is part of the policy making process in a way that policy assessment follows implementation and leads to correction and termination. Policy formation The definitive policy that is selected to resolve a certain issue at hand is reliant on two influences. First, the policy must be a legal way of solving the certain issues in the most effective and feasible way probable. Efficient formulation involves investigation and identification of alternative ways to solving issues. Secondly, policies need to be politically feasible so in other words policy should be plausible. Acceptable formulation must come in a political part that involves the approval of policies by genuine decision makers. This is typically accomplished through standard building in a negotiating or bargaining process. Policy formulation therefore is, composed of investigation that recognizes the most acceptable and effective policies and political agreement. Adoption After formulation of policies, it should have to be adopted by significant organisations of government in directive to be put it into effect. Adoption can be influenced by the similar issues that affect what factors move into the earlier point of agenda building. For example, policies that address the improved situations crises often carried on and can often be adopted immediately. Temporarily, influential interest organisations can use their political impact to regulate what policies are to be adopted. The media also plays an important key role in adaption of policy. When journalism and reporting are balanced, it can deliver an opportunity where discussion over numerous cases for policy adoption comes into place. When the media shows a favourable preference, it can improve a policy proposals chance of adoption. And on the other hand, an unfavourable media preference may weaken a policy proposal. Policy Implementation The next step after putting policy adoption into effect is the implementation of the policy. Effective implementation is dependent on three elements: First, policies must be approved by the government and local government officials to the proper assistance within the government administration. Therefore, a policy intended to impose traffic safety by limiting on the quantity of drunk drivers would be first submitted to law enforcement officials for approval then for implementation. If there is no present agency that has the abilities to carry out a certain policy, new agencies must be recognized and operated. The second element vital to efficient implementation of policy is a clear interpretation. Legislative objective must be expounded into operational rules and guidelines. Vagueness in this period can lead to participation by the judiciary that will lead the legislators to explain their conclusions and worth for policy implementation. Judiciary may override the policies’ implementation where legislative commitment cannot be effectively rendered into appropriate operating guidelines and rules The final element required in effective implementation of policy is difficult to accomplish. The commitment of resources under the first element must be combined with coordination of the policy to implement the policy with on-going operations. A new edge or agency must not cause extreme competition or disagreement with current agencies. Policy implementation should be on great deal of direction to avoid further complication when policies are being submitted to the agencies. Policy formulation is frequently the result of cooperation and representative use of politics. Implementation executes a large amount of both decision and confusion in initiatives or agencies that implement policies. Bureaucracy should be competent enough to help in the policy implementation process. Policy Evaluation The last policy process is policy evaluation. Policy evaluation can happen at different times. Organisation Administrators pursuing to develop operations may assess policies as they are in implementation. Policies can be further evaluated to understand their overall effectiveness after policies have been implemented. There are many ways policies may be evaluated but they can be often not evaluated at all. Scientific and formal research consume a lot of time, costly and complicated to design and to implement. Policy evaluation also tends to be contaminated with unfairness unlike more informal evaluations concentrated on stories and feedbacks are more manageable. 2. Workplace As a healthcare professional I might advocate to influence policies with regards to workplace culture. Workplace culture is centred on the shared attitudes and values including belief towards work outlooks within the organisation and business. It is important to give respect to organisation and workforce culture. It is vital to develop a workplace culture that redirects organisation’s own values as the administrator or business owner. It is why in this case hiring the right staff is such an important element in the on-going success of the business. Setting out clear lines of communication is important as you introduce policies to the business or organisation, it is significant to set out a plan for communication ensuring each new policy is presented and introduced to the workforce in the similar way. It’s also significant to take note that communication comes in two ways as both the owner and the management workforce should encourage the staffs to share their input to t he process. Best ideas sometimes come from staff who usually facing customers Government and professional organisation As number of aged people is constantly increasing in the country, it is important for the Government to allocate enough funding to healthcare facilities that will address needs in the Aged care. As a healthcare professional, I will advocate these needs through convincing professional organisation for the Aged, who are recognized by the government, to promote this advocacy to the government. Professional organisations for aged care may have the proficient knowledge of the issue in promoting the idea of government funding as their organisation or group is related to the healthcare promotion trying to rise. They can direct the point right way to the legislators. Community Volunteering in a local community can be tempting to think that national policy creates slight difference to what people do. As a healthcare professional, I would like to advocate to the homicides connecting mental disability. It is safe to the country to be free from discrimination and crime rates. In terms of discrimination, mentally ill individuals should have fair and therapeutic way of treatment. In terms of crime rate, government should implement strict policy in thorough assessment of mentally ill individuals. Further research in diagnosing, assessing and treating should be done. In this case, mentally ill individual will not be released in the mental health services if not properly rehabilitated and treated. Follow-up observation after discharge should be included in the policy. In this case, crime rates relating mental illness will decrease. 3. A. Garbage can model The garbage can model, talking about the uncharted field of organizational chaos which is categorized by problematic preference, technology that is not clear and fluid participation, tried to develop organizational decision theory. The theoretical development of the garbage can model is it disconnects organisational problems, decision makers and solutions from each other, unlike the traditional decision theory. Definite decisions do not entail a methodical process from problem to resolution, but are results of numerous reasonably independent streams of measures within the organization. Political Bargaining model The political bargaining model sees organisations as screaming and alive political arenas that involve a multifaceted variety of entities and interest groups. An organisation is considered as an association of dissimilar interest, it sees the organisation as having conflicting and multiple goals which change as the balance of changes in power. In this system, decisions and outcomes are the product of the bargaining behaviour. Interest groups and individuals come in into bargaining circumstances in a way to affect decision making and goals in the system. Bargaining is continued as long as they believe that they will get benefit from resuming on participating in the process. Individuals not need to settle on values and goals. Bargaining is only they agreed on. B. Structured Decisions Structured Decision Making is an organized method to recognizing and assessing resourceful options and building selections in complex decision circumstances. SDM is planned to bring understanding to decision or judgment makers about how well their goal and objectives may be contented by probable substitute courses of action. It more focuses and helps find ‘win-win’ resolutions across groups, illuminates the complicated interchanges that are present and may exist between different potential sequences of action and aids to communicate how individuals perspective on these various options. Key Ideas includes Structured Decision Making uses laborious methods established in the decision and healthcare sciences. Structured Decision Making is predominantly useful for decisions concerning the combination of technical investigation with value-based discussions. Structured Decision Making has been amended for spot decisions and is accommodating for assisting multiple disciplinary stakeholder involvement and technical planning. Unstructured decisions The unstructured decisions are the unexpected and non-programmed decisions that are happening for the first time for example, dealing with a labour strike in the company. At the other finale of the range are unstructured decisions. Unstructured decision may have the same mechanisms as structured decision components like process, data, and evaluation. There is little agreement on their nature. Unstructured decisions, for instance, each decision maker may use dissimilar processes and data to grasp an assumption. The organization qualified to evaluate the decision may only have a limited number of people because of the nature of the decision. It is therefore concluded that unstructured decisions are prepared through instances in which all components of the organisation’s business environment customer, competitor response expectations, cost of obtaining raw materials and others are not totally assumed. Unstructured decision systems usually focus on the persons who or the group that will mark the decision and judgement. These decision makers are typically trusted with decisions that are unstructured because of their expertise and experience; it is their distinct ability that is of worth. Strategic decisions Chosen substitute that influence significant factors which conclude the achievement of an organizations decision strategy. To compare it, a strategic decision influence the daily implementation of steps required to reach the goals of a strategy. Strategic decisions are those which influence the long term presentation of the business and which are directly related to its purposes and objectives. They are commonly taken at the uppermost levels of management and bring higher levels of risk. The advantage However, effective strategic decisions bring high levels of reward. Operational decisions Operational decisions happen and take place on a day to day basis and are made in perspective or view of the risk to the organisation business. More often these decisions are in nature administrative in a way and can be done and implemented rapidly and tend to bring tiny risk. Talking about an organisation that all employees at different level yield and do operational decisions daily, an instance might be when to arrange and re-order a specific thing of stock and another could be to define number of how many operative staff will be compulsory to complete a certain task. Operational administrative decisions scale may be small, but are however still important selections that individuals have to make to achieve their roles. As other employees are working in an open culture, where there is also discussion of information and communal trust, they sense empowerment to take and do decisions. This sense and feeling of empowerment mean that the organisation paybacks from speed nature of decision or judgement. Open lines of communication inspire coming in and free flow of accurate and reliable information. These things lead to better together, learned decision-making at all levels. Reference Electronic Source: Boundless. â€Å"Policy Formulation.† Boundless Political Science. Boundless, 03 Jul. 2014. Retrieved 18 Nov. 2014 from https://www.boundless.com/political-science/textbooks/boundless-political-science-textbook/domestic-policy-15/policy-making-process-95/policy-formulation-514-6174/ http://www.hdc.org.nz/media/200416/factsheet%20two%20-%20homicide%20and%20mental%20illness.pdf http://businesscasestudies.co.uk/npower/developing-people-through-decision-making/operational-decisions.html#ixzz3JY2SdiiC

The Problem of Evil Essay -- essays research papers

Is there any satisfactory way of reconciling the existence of an omnipotent and all-loving God with the existence of natural evil (i.e. evil not due to the misuse of human free will)? One of the central claims of the Judaeo-Christian tradition is the existence of an omnipotent and all-loving God. Against this is the observation that people and animals suffer evil. By common sense, we would infer from this observation that God, as conceived in this tradition, does not exist - for, if He did, He would prevent the evil. This inference is called the Problem of Evil by those who profess one of the religions in the Judaeo-Christian tradition, and their attempts to 'solve' the problem have given rise to a labyrinth of sophistry. Put briefly, the solution most commonly espoused to the Problem of Evil is * Some suffering is caused by others' misuse of their own free-will (as in murder). * God does not intervene to stop people freely choosing evil because: o people can be virtuous only if they freely choose between good and evil; o having virtuous people in the world is a greater good than eradicating evil; o therefore God must allow people to be free; o therefore evil inflicted by other people is the price that God demands that we pay to enable some people to be virtuous. * Some suffering is caused by natural phenomena (as in earthquakes). Such occurrences enable people to be virtuous through: o heroics, such as rescuing those in danger; o strong faith in God, as it is harder to believe in God in the midst of grief; o humility, as people realise they are powerless against the whim of God. * Again, God does not intervene because he is using the natural disasters to engender virtue. I shall examine a number of such arguments, but first it is useful to clarify the nature of such debate. The nature of theological debate One difficulty that arises in writing about this subject is that the traditional view of God is ridiculous - as Hume's Philo says, it is fixed only "by the utmost licence of fancy and hypothesis", and the arguments put forward for it are transparently fallacious. In order to proceed with the debate at all, one must feign a deficit in the application of one's powers of reason, for if one relied exclusively on reason for deciding what to believe, then one would dismiss religion out of hand. It is well known that people hold their... ...answers here. First, although the discharge of benevolent deeds is a good thing, it is not such a great thing that it is worth inflicting war, pestilence, and old age on mankind. Second, there are ample opportunities for people to do great works that do not involve other people's suffering. For instance, they could build concert halls, or run marathons, or make scientific discoverie, or write novels. The claim that great human achievements can be secured only through other people's misery is an expression of pure evil, and not an argument for a benevolent God. Conclusion The existence of evil (natural or otherwise) in the world cannot possibly be reconciled with the existence of an omnipotent and all-loving God. If such a God existed, He would prevent the occurrence of such evil. This is therefore a definitive proof of atheism, in the sense of denying the existence of God as He is conceived in the Judaeo-Christian tradition. It must be admitted, though, that this conception of God is a sharply-delineated and simplistic one, whereas many people nowadays have a 'soft-focus' God. It is harder work for the atheist to refute the soft-focus God, although it can still be done.

The sport that I am working to improve is hockey as it is the main sport that I play

The sport that I am working to improve is hockey as it is the main sport that I play. I currently play for my school 1st XI and also for a club team. I play about five times a week, which includes the matches of about two a week on average plus training sessions. During each week I have one fitness session in order to maintain the level that I have reached so far. I am confident with all aspects of my game but all of them require ongoing improvement. Hockey requires many different skills and abilities. During a game of hockey the players are required to do movements such as stretching, fast responses to different actions of the opponents, and to maintain a high level of activity throughout the match / game. Firstly, speed and agility in a match are vital to allow the player to contribute fully to his role in the game whether it be defending or attacking. They are needed whether trying to catch up with a player or move away from them. Flexibility gives the player a wider range of movement, which would help in both attacking and defensive scenarios. Players must be able to maintain a high level of cardio-vascular and muscular endurance throughout the game so that it does not have an effect on their overall performance. My current activity levels are high with myself playing hockey (whether it is a match or training) on Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, and Sunday. Each session lasts for approximately one and a half to two hours. The sessions are not always at the same time of day with them varying from early morning to late evening. In addition to this I play other sports at the weekend including matches and coaching sessions. Whenever possible during the week I have one fitness session consisting of about 30minutes. This allows me to maintain the level of fitness I have already achieved in the season. I play in a defensive position in a game of hockey and therefore I must have quick reactions in order to be able to respond to the movements of my opponents. Also I need to be able to stay with the opponent when marking them and this requires both speed and endurance. Speed is needed so that I can keep up with the attacker, which gives me a chance of tackling him, and endurance is needed so that I can stay with the person for long periods of time. I know from my own experience that I have definite strengths and weaknesses. My endurance is one of my strengths although it can still be improved dramatically which would have huge improvements on my overall game play. The weaknesses are in the form of agility and sprints and these are both extremely important also. In the sprints, it is the beginning of the running that is slow, which allows the attacker to get away from me in a game. Agility has no specific area to concentrate on so the entire area needs to be improved. By improving my sprint speed it would put me at more of an advantage against other opponents than I had before. It would allow me to stay with them and keep put pressure on them rather than me always trying to catch up with them which does not put as much pressure on. They would not have as much time to prepare themselves as I would be there in a much shorter time. Agility would have an improvement on every aspect of my game whether it is defensive or attacking. It would improve my time it takes to change direction and also allow me to work better at different levels whether it be up or down. Endurance would improve my game all round also especially in the last quarter of the matches. I would be less fatigued and therefore less likely to make a rash decision or to play a bad pass which normally happens when a player begins to get fatigued. This would put me at an advantage against most other players, as I would be able to react to different situations more appropriately.

A Utilitarian Argument in the Ford Pinto Case Essay

In 1971 Ford Motor Company decided they wanted to create a compact car that could compete with the other Japanese manufactured cars. It rushed from its inception to its actual production. In the end, these cars proved to be one of the most dangerous ever produced because of their extreme flammability in instance of rear impact collision. The decision by Ford to not recall any of its cars, and not fix design flaws, conceal the truth of their mistake and roll the dice future incoming lawsuits, damages and loss of human life is the one that I will dissect. I will show how this action uses the â€Å"greatest happiness and greatest pleasure† form of Utilitarianism and the true moral flaws that it exposes. Many parties were affected is this case including the Ford Motor Company employees, the shareholders, the company owners, and every single consumer or person who not only purchased the vehicles but also drove in them including the ones who were injured, burned or even killed, and not to be forgotten, the rest of the whole world. Actually no one escapes the ripple effect of this decision. Ford Motor Company, led by President Lee Iacocca, discovered that during the sped up engineering and production process it had created the fuel tank vulnerable to fiery rear crashes because of the layout of the car. Ford realized this but made its decision to not recall the cars based of their own company formulated utilitarian cost benefit analysis and fear of negative company effects. Ford Motor Company weighed the risk in terms of how much it would cost the company to pay for damages and loss of any human life, which was put into a numeric dollar value by the National Highway Travel Safety Administration (NHTSA) of $200,000 per life and multiplied it by the number of accidents it estimated would occur from the flaw. Ford Motor Company calculated that the cost of compensation for death, injury and damaged cars was significantly less than the cost of recalling all the vehicles with the rear design flaw. Basically they thought they would save money, keep up  their shareholder price, and have less damage to all involved by not doing anything except â€Å"taking it on the chin† with regards to predicted accidents caused by the accident prone fuel tank. They also assumed that if they made a recall, their share price would plummet and shareholders would lose money, and that possibly employees would lose jobs. Ford Motor company did a really did a neat job of es timating life values and social components cost of property damage, insurance costs, legal fees, employer losses, funeral, assets and value of each human life in society. They even concluded they would need to pay 87 million dollars less by doing no recalls and just paying for these other future damage costs. However there is a dominant if not obvious consideration that carries more importance than just economics and Ford’s revenue. First of all, consider the possible damage to the company’s reputation created by media and public when having multiple accident from the same automobile model. The company could lose big from media and public backlash. Second, in line with utilitarian factors, Ford calculates all the collateral damage in terms of money and nothing else. Money creates pleasure for some, and pain for others. Ford calculates money as a positive value, and that is all. It seems really ideal that when creating a calculus in utilitarian ethics to think in terms of dollars because dollars carry a numeric value anyway! The decision not to recall the cars and let the accidents occur loses utilitarian units of value in terms of obvious life factors. It is also so narrow minded that I would consider it not rational. First, it is focused way too much on numeric dollar value s when considering human injuries, company futures, and life lost. The decision really applies Jeremy Bentham’s idea of more pleasure (money) for the most people is the right thing. But you must consider human life in terms of a quality like John Stuart Mill’s idea for happiness and quality of life, and for those lost and for those who grieve afterwards, for the hate that is created, and the pain and suffering. Second you have to think in terms of the imminent possibility of Ford’s reputation to be ruined beyond foreseeable repair with the unsafe cars. For a non-corporate minute, don’t think in terms of insurance claims, lawsuits paid, and annual profits gained or lost, but for competitors looking at the company as stupid, and the American public devaluing Ford in their own minds when they find out the truth about the cover up. Consider negative ideas forming in the minds of  the American public as they look to the foreign auto makers to seek retribution on Ford by using their own consumer given purchasing power, and hurting the domestic economy by buying foreign cars and labeling Ford Motor Company, a company founded over 70 years prior by Henry Ford from Detroit, as a fraud and never to be trusted again! Anyone in the Ford family could not have been thinking rationally if they made the decision not to recall because they were risking too many important values that did not carry immediate economic value in 1971, but certainly did after 1976 just five years later! Ford Motor company, by their own calculations, saved 87 million by making their decision to not recall cars. This was a seemingly good consequence for Ford Motor Company, only until four people died in 1972 and other incidents happened that created a downward spiral for them. However they should have bore the cost of the recalls as a way of upholding their own company character through honestly admitting their technical mistake, which in the end, has a lot more value. Also sparing lives adds tremendous moral value to a decision that corrects the problem and announces it as it is which is an engineering design flaw that they are aware of. Instead of doing things as they did, Ford Motor Company could have tried to recall all vehicles that were on the market at the time, and spent the extra money and time to correct a mistake that they â€Å"deeply regretted.† The president would not need to emphasize how they rushed their production to compete with another foreign company, but instead insisted that they as an American based company needed to fix the problem for the sake of safety of the American people, by which they held more dearly than their own profitability. By this alternative way, they uphold American Christian values which were at the heart of the inception of the United States values and hold higher moral value any Japanese auto company can hope to have. They could convince the consumer markets, and the media that this decision is why Ford is who they are, and although they may not be as fast as other auto makers, at least they are concerned about doing things the right moral way. This alternate idea produces more good for more people using a utilitarian way of thinking as well. Creating a stable product with quality in mind is a solid business decision and will create profitability for years to come. Selling cars up to current safely regulations to people to benefit their well being and making the country in which they exist in better as well as all those who purchase their vehicles around the world better. Ford Motor Company’s decision uses ideas from one of the utilitarianism founders in Jeremy Bentham. However it is narrow minded because it only considers the aspects of living and society status in terms of money values at the current time. If we lived in a world where money was equally valuable to reputations, emotions, and even life then their decision may be utilitarian but it is still not ethical. The future is what costs them. However that is not the world we live in and a company such as Ford needs to think about the multiple negative outcomes of a decision like the Ford Pinto example. They should have recalled all the Pintos because the good still outweighs the bad in the end. It is a wiser business decision, moral, ethical and it applies utilitarianism. Works Cited DeGeorge, Richard T. Business Ethics 7th Edition. New Jersey Pearson, 2010. Print. Hoffman, W. Michael. â€Å"The Ford Pinto.† Business Ethics: Readings and Cases in Corporate Morality. Ed. W. Michael Hoffman, Robert E. Frederick, and Mark S. Schwartz. New York NY. McGraw-Hill, 2001. Boyce, Daniel â€Å"The Flaw of Utlitarianism: The Ford Pinto Case† Business Ethics IB. 15 April, 2010. Web. 11 April 2014.